LUNG CANCER

Question 1

What are the two groups of lung cancer?

Answer 1

Primary
Pleural mesothelioma

Question 2

What is primary lung cancer?

Answer 2

cancer starting in the lungs, carcinoma derived from epithelial

Question 3

What is the pleura?

Answer 3

sheets of tissue covering the lungs to protect them

Question 4

What is the pleural space?

Answer 4

gap between the pleura and membranes move over each other as we breathe in and out

Question 5

What is a plural effusion?

Answer 5

build up of fluid due to the cancer cells irritating membranes

Question 6

What is a pleural mesothelioma?

Answer 6

cancer starting in the pleura, cancer of mesothelial cells

Question 7

What is the main cause of pleural mesothelioma?

Answer 7

asbestos

Question 8

What is the cell type of pleural mesothelioma?

Answer 8

cuboidal or squamous

Question 9

What are the symptoms of plural mesothelioma?

Answer 9

• chest pain
  -fatigue
  -shortness of breath
  -persistent cough
  -difficulty swallowing
• FINGER CLUBBING

Question 10

What is the survival rate of pleural mesothelioma?

Answer 10

1-2 years because of late diagnosis

Question 11

What are the two types of primary lung cancer?

Answer 11

• small cell lung cancer
  -non small cell lung cancer

Question 12

What are the types of NSCLC?

Answer 12

• adenocarcinoma (most common)
• squamous cell
• large cell carcinoma

Question 13

How does a NSCLC adenocarcinoma form?

Answer 13

develops from mucus making cells in the lining of the airways

Question 14

How does a squamous NSCLC form?

Answer 14

develops from the flat, surface covering cells found near the centre of the lung in left or right bronchus

Question 15

What are the two types of small cell lung cancer?

Answer 15

• small cell carcinoma
• combined small cell

Question 16

What are the risk factors for lung cancer?

Answer 16

• smoking
• exposure to chemicals
• family history of lung cancer

Question 17

What mutation is more common in non smokers?

Answer 17

EGFR

Question 18

What drug inhibits the tyrosine domain of the EGFR mutation?

Answer 18

Gefinitib - binds to ATP binding site of EGFR tyrosine domain

Question 19

What mutation is responsible for 12% of NSCLC cases?

Answer 19

KRAS - mutation prevents breakdown of GTP leaving KRAS in a permanent state

Question 20

What is the main immunotherapy drug for lung cancer?

Answer 20

pembrolizumab - blocks PD-L1 pathway

Question 21

What is the survival rate for small tumours that have not spread?

Answer 21

90%

Question 22

What is the overall survival rate for all types of lung cancers?

Answer 22

22.9%

Question 23

What type of primary lung cancer spreads quicker?

Answer 23

small cell lung cancer

Question 24

What are the two types of lung cancer?

Answer 24

• Primary
• pleural mesothelioma