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Clin Med 1 - Exam 5 > Lung Cancer > Flashcards

Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Which, small cell or non-small cell lung cancer is more aggressive and has a worse prognosis?

A

Small cell lung cancer

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2
Q

Define a “high risk” individual who needs to be screened annually for lung cancer

A

Age 55-74, with 30+ pack year history
if former smoker, have quit within 15 years

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3
Q

Symptoms (4) related to the distant metastasis of lung cancer, and which is most common?

A
  • Anorexia, weight loss, and fatigue are most common
  • Bone metastasis
  • Liver metastasis
  • Brain metastasis
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4
Q

What must be checked before deciding to use immuno/chemotherapy in a lung cancer patient without a targetable mutation?

A

Check PS (patient strength) score to see if they can tolerate immuno/chemotherapy

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5
Q

Non-smoking women from this region have the highest chance of getting lung cancer

A

Asia

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6
Q

How does immunotherapy (broadly) help treat cancer?

A

Blocks PD1/PDL1 and allows body’s T cells to recognize and kill cancer cells

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7
Q

Is lung cancer in non-smokers more common in men or women

A

Women

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8
Q

What is the number one cause of cancer deaths worldwide?

A

Lung cancer

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9
Q

Definition of a “never smoker”

A

Less than 100 cigarettes in a persons lifetime

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10
Q

Treatments for stage 3 non-small cell lung cancer and how is treatment path determined?

A

Early/resectable
- Surgical resection + perioperative chemo/immunotherapy

Advanced/unresectable
- Chemoradiation followed by consolidation immuno/targeted therapy

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11
Q

Screening method used for lung cancer in high risk patients

A

Annual low-dose CT

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12
Q

Treatments for stage 1-2 of non-small cell lung cancer and how is the treatment path determined?

A
  • Surgical resection if PFTs confirm patient can tolerate it
  • Perioperative chemo/immunotherapy to prevent recurrence from micro-metastases
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13
Q

Describe the four stages of non-small cell lung cancer

A

Stage 1 = lung nodule
Stage 2 = + lymph node metastasis
Stage 3 = larger tumor and more lymph nodes
Stage 4 = Distant metastasis or both lungs involved + pleural effusion

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14
Q

The main thing that is required to confirm a diagnosis of lung cancer

A

Tissue biopsy

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15
Q

Symptoms (4) related to the intra-thoracic spread of lung cancer

A
  • Hoarseness
  • Pericardial effusion
  • Pleural effusion
  • SVC syndrome (headache, red head, big veins)
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16
Q

Number one risk factor for lung cancer

A

Cigarette smoking

17
Q

Treatments for stage four non-small cell lung cancer

A
  • Un-resectable, no surgery
  • Systemic treatments
  • Radiation only for symptom relief (brain mets)
18
Q

Which is more common, small cell or non-small cell lung cancer?

A

Non-small cell (87% of lung cancers)

19
Q

How is small cell lung cancer staged?

A
  • Limited = confined to one area of the body that can be treated with localized radiation
  • Extensive = spread beyond a localized area
20
Q

Gene mutation associated with lung cancer in non-smokers

A

EGFR

21
Q

Symptoms (7) related to the primary lesion in lung cancer

A
  • Cough (endobronchial erosion/irritation)
  • Sputum production
  • Dyspnea
  • Hemoptysis
  • Chest pain
  • Unilateral/localized wheezing/stridor
  • Weight loss
22
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes of lung cancer

A
  • Digital clubbing
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Ectopic hormone production
    SIADH = hyponatremia
    ACTH = Cushing’s
    HCG = gynecomastia
  • Neurologic syndromes
    Eaton-Lambert, peripheral neuropathy
23
Q

Types of non-small cell lung cancer and which is most common?

A

Non-squamous
- Adenocarcinoma (most common, and leading lung cancer in non-smokers)
- Large cell carcinoma

Squamous

24
Q

What does TNM staging in lung cancer stand for?

A

T = Tumor size in lung
N = lymph Node involvement
M = Metastasis around the body

25
Q

Workflow for choosing between precision/targeted therapy and immunotherapy in lung cancer treatment

A
  • Biopsy tumor
  • Look for specific mutations
  • If present, use medication that targets that mutation
  • If absent and patient can tolerate, use immunotherapy
26
Q

Screen this organ with CT at the time of lung cancer diagnosis due to the high risk of metastasis

A

Brain

27
Q

Treatments for the stages of small cell lung cancer

A

Limited stage
- Chemo + radiation

Extensive stage
- Chemo + immunotherapy

28
Q

Which, small cell or non-small cell lung cancer occurs almost exclusively in smokers?

A

Small cell lung cancer

Clin Med 1 - Exam 5 (13 decks)

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