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Clin Med 1 - Exam 5 > General Orthopedics > Flashcards

General Orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

First imaging method used in osteoarthritis

A

X-ray

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2
Q

Names of the eight fracture lines

A
  • Oblique
  • Transverse
  • Spiral
  • Comminuted
  • Torus
  • Greenstick
  • Compression
  • Stress
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3
Q

Symptoms of osteoarthritis

A
  • Pain (deep, diffuse, aching)
  • Stiffness (<30 minutes)
  • Deformity eventually
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4
Q

How to describe a fracture where one side of the bone cortex is compressed/bent and the other side is disrupted

A

Greenstick

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5
Q

Indications for external fixation of a fracture

A
  • Significant soft tissue damage
  • Severe swelling
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6
Q

How to describe a fracture where one side of the bone cortex is compressed while the other side remains intact

A

Torus

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7
Q

Stress fractures are most commonly seen in this area of the body

A

Lower extremities due to body weight

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8
Q

Three phases of fracture healing and their timeline

A
  1. Inflammation - 0 to 2 weeks
    - cells migrate to fracture site
    - maybe avoid NSAIDs here
  2. Initial repair - 2 to 6 weeks
    - callus starts to form
  3. Remodeling - 6 to 10 weeks
    - callus replaced by mature bone
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9
Q

Describe delayed union in relation to fractures

A
  • Prolonged healing
  • Fracture heals, but it takes twice as long (12-16 weeks)
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10
Q

Four physical exam signs of osteoarthritis

A
  • Tenderness
  • Limited ROM
  • Effusion (swelling)
  • Crepitus (rattling, cracking)
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11
Q

Describe malunion in relation to fractures

A

Bone heals, but in poor alignment

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12
Q

Pharmacologic treatment of osteoarthritis

A
  • NSAIDs first line
  • Topical NSAIDs better if GI/CV/renal concerns
  • Acetaminophen (worse than NSAIDs)
  • Duloxetine
  • Corticosteroid injections
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13
Q

How to describe a fracture where a joint is directly involved

A

Intra-articular

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14
Q

How to describe a fracture in which there are more than two bone fracture fragments

A

Comminuted

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15
Q

Indication for open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of a fracture

A

Fractures known to heal poorly with nonsurgical treatment (femoral neck fractures)

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16
Q

Types of fractures particularly at risk of impaired healing due to smoking

A
  • Tibial shaft fractures
  • Spinal fusions
  • Foot/ankle fusions
17
Q

Four signs of osteoarthritis on x-ray

A
  • Loss of joint space
  • Osteophytes (spurs)
  • Sclerosing
  • Subchondral cysts
18
Q

How to describe a fracture where the bone fragments of a fracture are no longer in their previous alignment

A

Displaced

19
Q

Describe nonunion in relation to fractures

A

Fracture not healed after six months of treatment

20
Q

Describe the components of ODELL used to describe fractures

A
  • Open/closed
  • Displaced/Nondisplaced
  • Extra/intra-articular
  • Line
  • Location
21
Q

Nonpharmacologic treatments of osteoarthritis

A
  • Weight loss
  • Exercise

(also assist devices, braces, and physical therapy)

22
Q

Difference between arthroplasty and arthrodesis

A
  • Arthroplasty: replacement of a joint
  • Arthrodesis: fusion of a joint
23
Q

Two biggest risk factors for impaired fracture healing

A
  • Infection
  • Smoking

(others: inadequate immobilization, malnutrition, NSAIDs, significant soft tissue injury)

24
Q

What would be seen on an x-ray of a healing stress fracture

A

A callous, maybe no visible fracture

25
Q

Does joint stiffness associated with osteoarthritis typically last more or less than 30 minutes?

A

Less

(more than 30 minutes = rheumatoid arthritis)

Clin Med 1 - Exam 5 (13 decks)

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