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Clin Med 1 - Exam 5 > Cancer Epidemiology > Flashcards

Cancer Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factor for gallbladder cancer

A

Porcelain gallbladder/chronic cholecystitis

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2
Q

Risk factors for the two types of esophageal cancers

A

Adenocarcinoma:
- White, obese, GERD, Barrett’s esophagus

Squamous cell carcinoma:
- Black/Asian, alcohol, tobacco, hot drinks, preserved foods, achalasia

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3
Q

Women between ages 35 and 45 can have this preventative procedure done if they are positive for BRCA 1/2 mutations

A

Salpingo-oophorectomy (remove ovaries and fallopian tubes)

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4
Q

Risk factors for breast cancer in women

A

Anything that increases lifetime exposure to estrogen

Early menarche, nulliparity, older age at first birth, late menopause

Also obesity and alcohol

(exercise lowers risk)

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5
Q

Most major cause of lung cancer worldwide

A

Tobacco

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6
Q

Penile cancer is most common in this age and demographic

A

> 60

Africa, South America, Asia

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7
Q

Definition of “benign tumor”

A

Well-differentiated, normally growing cells

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8
Q

Definition of “tumor”

A

Swelling

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9
Q

Prostate cancer diet/supplement risk factors

A
  • Red meat
  • Saturated fats
  • Vitamin E
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10
Q

Asbestos exposure increases the risk of this cancer

A

Mesothelioma

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11
Q

Most common cancer in women in the US

A

Breast cancer

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12
Q

Infections associated with Kaposi sarcoma

A

HHV 8 (HIV/AIDS)

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13
Q

Eight broad groups of environmental carcinogens

A
  • Occupation
  • Diet
  • Tobacco
  • Alcohol
  • Sun exposure
  • Ionizing radiation
  • Chemicals
  • Infections
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14
Q

Sunburns and nonburning sun exposure increase the risk of these skin cancers

A

SCC and BCC

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15
Q

Definition of “adenocarcinoma”

A

Epithelial cancer of duct or gland

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16
Q

Being positive for BRCA 1/2 gene mutations increase the risk of these cancers

A

BRCA 1 women: breast and ovarian
BRCA 2 women: breast and ovarian

BRCA 1 men: breast
BRCA 2 men: prostate

17
Q

Definition of “differentiation”

A

Extent to which a cell “looks like” the cell it was programmed to be

Well differentiated = looks like the normal, expected cell

18
Q

Infection associated with nasopharyngeal cancer/lymphoma

A

EBV (mono)

19
Q

Risk factor for testicular cancer

A

Cryptorchidism

20
Q

Risk factors for penile cancer

A
  • Uncircumcised (more surface area for HPV to live and reproduce)
  • Phimosis
  • HPV
  • AIDS
  • Smoking
  • Sexual promiscuity (more likely to get HPV)
21
Q

Sunburns double the risk of this skin cancer, whereas nonburning sun exposure is protective for it

A

Melanoma

22
Q

Infection associated with cervical/anal cancer

A

HPV (genital warts)

23
Q

Almost all cases of mesothelioma occur this long after asbestos exposure

A

> 15 years later

24
Q

Most common cause of cancer death is in this region of the body

A

Respiratory tract

25
Q

Risk of lung cancer can decrease to normal this long after quitting smoking

A

> 10 years

26
Q

Number one modifiable cause of cancer

A

Obesity

(smoking is a close 2nd)

27
Q

Definition of “cancer”

A

Disease in which abnormal cells divide without control and invade

28
Q

True or false, prostate cancer is associated with BPH

A

False

29
Q

Most important risk factor for pancreatic cancer

A

Smoking (doubles risk)

30
Q

Smoking and asbestos exposure gives a person 60x more risk for this group of cancers

A

Respiratory tract cancers

31
Q

Definition of “malignant tumor”

A

Poorly-differentiated (anaplastic) cells, they travel

32
Q

Risk factors for cervical cancer

A

Sexual activity (HPV)

Smoking

33
Q

Definition of “carcinoma” and “carcinoma in situ”

A

Carcinoma = cancer of the epithelial tissue

(epithelial = tissue that protects/absorbs)

Carcinoma in situ = cancer that hasn’t invaded deep to epithelial tissue

34
Q

Risk factors for blood and lymphatic cancers

A
  • Ionizing radiation
  • Benzene (smoking)
  • HTLV infection (human T cell leukemia virus)
  • AIDS - Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma
35
Q

Infection associated with gastric adenocarcinoma

A

H. pylori

36
Q

Infections associated with liver cancer

A

HBV/HCV

37
Q

Major risk factor for bladder cancer

A

Tobacco

(also dyes, rubber, leather tanning occupational exposures, cyclophosphamide, and chronic schistosomiasis)

38
Q

Prostate cancer is more common in this age and demographic

A
  • Elderly (every man will get if they live long enough)
  • Blacks
39
Q

Secondhand smoke increases the risk of these cancers in the people around smokers

A

Lung and breast cancer (especially in women)

Clin Med 1 - Exam 5 (13 decks)

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