Lung Cancer Flashcards
Risk Factors
Essentially a preventable disease with ___
abstinence
smoking
Etiology
EGFR mutations can predict ___ to TKI therapy
- ___ mutations: Resistance to therapies
- Present more in females, Asians, never smokers
K-RAS mutations
- K-RAS mutations predict ___ to TKI
- In adenocarcinomas, mutations are exclusive to ___
ALK inhibition (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase)
- Present: No/light smokers, younger age, adenocarcinoma
– Less sensitive to ___ inhibitors and chemo
ROS-1 mutations:
- Encodes a receptor kinase related to ___
- Present: Never smokers/light smoker, adenocarcinomas, younger pts
BRAF V600E:
- Typically, current or former ___
– Recommended to test in 1st line metastatic setting for ___
PD-L1 status
- Testing is not recommended for ___
- Recommended to test status in 1st line, metastatic setting
- sensitivity
- T790M
- resistance
- smokers
- EGFR
- ALK
- smokers
- NSCLC
- SCLC
T or F: Patients with EGFR mutations, ALK or ROS-1 rearrangements typically don’t have PD-1 expression
T
Histologic Classification - NSCLC
adenocarcinoma
- Most common in ___
- Tend to be located peripherally in the lung
squamous
- Clearly related to ___
- Tend to be located centrally in lung
large cell
- Tend to be located peripherally in the lung
- Tend to be a diagnosis of exclusion
- non smokers
- smoking
Histology - SCLC
small cell
- Related to ___
- ___ growing and rapidly progressive
- Can have presence of paraneoplastic
syndromes
- smoking
- fast
Comparing SCLC and NSCLC
Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Clear relationship to ___
- ___ syndromes common
- ___ cell growth fraction
- ___ sensitive to radiation and
chemotherapy
- ___ present with metastases
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
- ___ growth fraction
- ___ sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy
- ___ present with metastases
- smoking
- paraneoplastic
- rapid
- highly
- 2/3
- slower
- moderately
- 50%
Staging: SCLC
___ stage:
* Tumor is confined to hemithorax and contained in a radiation port
___ stage:
* Tumor not confined to hemithorax of origin, not contained in a
radiation port, distant metastasis
- limited
- extensive
T or F: Surgery is an option for SCLC
FALSE
Surgery is generally not a therapeutic option
SCLC Limited Stage Disease
- ___ intent
Combined modality:
- Radiation + combination chemo
- ___ + ___ (EP) for 4 - 6 cycles
- Radiation is daily for 6 - 7 weeks
- Best results if radiation is given concurrently with cisplatin
- Maintenance chemotherapy is of no value
– ___ does not play a role in therapy
- Prophylactic cranial ___ should be strongly considered for patients obtaining a complete response
- More than 50% of patients will develop brain
metastases
- curative
- cisplatin, etoposide
- surgery
- radiation
Extensive Stage: SCLC
- Rarely ___
- Treatment can prolong survival 9 - 11 months
- ___ based combination chemotherapy without ___ is preferred
- Cisplatin or carboplatin-based combination with ___ or ___
Use to be no maintenance chemotherapy but
now it is standard of care
- curable
- platinum, radiation
- etoposide, irinotecan
Extensive Stage: SCLC
Chest radiation does not improve results - pallative
Prophylactic cranial radiation if a patient achieves a response in the chest
if brain metastases are present, whole brain radiation therapy should be given
- If a patient is symptomatic, whole brain radiation should be started ___ to chemotherapy
- If asymptomatic, initiate radiation therapy ___ chemotherapy
- prior
- after
Immunotherapy: Extensive Stage
First-line therapy: IMpower133 trial
– ___ + Carboplatin + Etoposide
First line therapy: CASPIAN trial
– ___ + Carboplatin + Etoposide
- Atezolizumab
- Durvalumab
Small Cell Lung Cancer - Complications of therapy
Most cisplatin-based regimens:
- Serious chemotherapy-induced ___ , nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and ___
- Radiation therapy may cause fatigue, esophagitis, radiation pneumonitis, and cardiac toxicity
- N/V, neuropathy
PD-1 Inhibitors - metastatic SCLC
___ : Option for metastatic SCLC in patients who have progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy and at least 1 prior line of therapy
– ** ___ of PD-1 status**
pembrolizumab
- Regardless
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
- ___ sensitive to radiation and low
sensitivity to chemotherapy - ___ is the most efficacious modalities for treatment of NSCLC
- ___ therapy may be given for early- stage NSCLC when surgery is not able to be performed
- moderately
- surgery
- radiation
Resectable NSCLC
1) Neoadjuvant - ___ plus
a ___ doublet should be considered in those with tumors ≥ 4 cm or node positive and no contraindications to immune checkpoint inhibitors
2) surgery
3) Adjuvant chemo is considered standard of care (Chemotherapy will be decided based on ___ - squamous versus non-squamous)
- nivolumab, platinum
- histology
Unresectable NSCLC Treatment
Stage IIIB/IV
- Treatment is considered ___
Optimal regimen has not yet been defined - no difference in overall survival between these groups
* Cisplatin/paclitaxel
* Cisplatin/gemcitabine
* Cisplatin/docetaxel
* Carboplatin/paclitaxel
palliative
Treatment of Advanced NSCLC
need to determine histology
1) ___
2) ___
3) ___
- adenocarcinoma
- squamous
- other
Immunotherapy Toxicities
Safety:
- Rare and serious immune mediated toxicities:
* Pneumonitis
* Colitis
* Hepatitis
* Nephritis
* Endocrine (thyroid and pituitary)
