Lung Cancer

Question 1

Lung Cancer

Answer 1

Leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Poor long-term survival due to late-stage diagnosis.

Question 2

Etiology of Lung Cancer

Answer 2

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor- accounts for 85% of cases.
Inhaled Substances - Asbestos, Radon, Coal, Iron, Tar, Air Pollution.
Genetics

Question 3

Types of Lung Cancer

Answer 3

Bronchogenic: Originates in bronchial epithelium. Small cell, squamous cell, and adenocarcinoma.

Question 4

Clinical Manifestations of Lung Cancer

Answer 4

Hoarseness
Persistent Cough
Blood Tinged Sputum
Hemoptysis- Spitting up blood
Chest Pain
Dyspnea
Recurring episodes of pleural effusion
Wheezing
Weight Loss
Anorexia
Dysphagia

Question 5

Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

Answer 5

Patient History
Chest X-Ray
Chest CT Scan
Bronchoscopy

Question 6

Treatment of Lung Cancer

Answer 6

Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy

Surgery;
Wedge Resection
Lobectomy
Pneumonectomy

Question 7

Chest Tubes

Answer 7

Drain placed in pleural space to restore intrapleural pressure.
Allows for re-expansion of the lung.
Drains air and fluid.
Connected to 6 feet of tubing.

Question 8

Chest Tubes Continued

Answer 8

Chamber 1- Collects fluid draining from the patient - RN MUST measure output every shift.
Chamber 2- Water seal- prevents air from re-entering patient pleural space.
Chamber 3- Suction control- wet or dry suction. Wet suction has water in the compartment and a tube connected to the wall suction.

Question 9

Nursing Considerations for Chest Tubes

Answer 9

Monitor Output
Monitor Vital Signs, pulse ox
Auscultate Lungs
Assess dressing for bleeding, and integrity.
Assess tubing, making sure no kinks.
Do not strip or “milk” tubing.
Keep vaseline gauze and clamps at the bedside.

Question 10

Nursing Interventions for Lung Cancer Patients

Answer 10

Pain Management
Lung assessment, respiratory assessment
Administration of chemotherapy if ordered.
Psychosocial Support
Patient Education