Breast Cancer Flashcards
Non-Invasive Breast Cancer
Ductal Carcinoma: Cancer cells are located within the duct and have not invaded other tissue.
Invasive Breast Cancer
Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma: Originates in the mammary ducts and grows into tissue in an irregular pattern. Causes irregular, poorly defined lump. Fibrosis forms around cancerous tumor.
Inflammatory: Rare, but highly aggressive. Causes swelling, erythema, and pain in breasts. Often diagnosed late.
Breast Cancer in Men
Usually presents as hard, painless, subareolar (under the nipple) mass. Often widely spread disease because it is usually detected at a later stage.
Etiology & Risk Factors of Breast Cancer
No Single Known Cause
Age
Genetics
Family History
Nulliparity (women that have not given birth) or first child after age 30.
Menstrual History
Hormone Replacement
Alcohol
Diagnosing Breast Cancer
Mammography
Recommended baseline screening yearly beginning at age 40 years.
Breast Exam
Ultrasound
Breast Self Exam (BSE)
The goal of screening for breast cancer is early detection because breast self-examination cannot prevent breast cancer.
Early detection reduces the mortality rate.
Teach breast self-examination.
Inspection of Breasts
Look for symmetry of breasts.
Inspect the nipple for dimpling or retraction.
Inspect for redness.
Modified Radical Mastectomy
Breast tissue, nipple, and lymph nodes are removed.
Simple Mastectomy
Breast tissue and (usually) the nipple is removed.
Lumpectomy
The tumor or lump is removed from the breast.
Post-Op Nursing Care: Mastectomy
Restrict the use of the arm on the affected side.
Monitor output from JP drains, if present.
Keep the affected arm elevated.
Encourage Ambulation
Advance from clear liquids to a regular diet.
Pain Management
Psychosocial Support
Patient Education
Adjuvant Therapy
In addition to surgical removal of the breast, clients may receive radiation or chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy standard for care of patients who have nodal involvement.
