Lung and Chest Wall anatomy

Question 1

Describe the texture of the lungs

Answer 1

Spongy

Question 2

How many surfaces do the lungs have

Answer 2

3

Question 3

Name the three surfaces of the lungs and draw and label them

Answer 3

1) Costal (outermost towards thorax)
2) Mediastinal
3) Diagrphragmatic

Question 4

Draw labelled diagram of lungs showing where the apex and costal surfaces are located

Answer 4

Costal is on the outside. Apex is the topmost part of the lungs.

Question 5

Which lung is wider and shorter

Answer 5

The right lung

Question 6

Which lung is narrower and longer

Answer 6

The left lung

Question 7

Describe the structure of the right lung, and draw a diagram showing these structures.

Answer 7

3 Lobes (Superior, middle,inferior)
2 fissures - oblique and horizontal

Question 8

Describe the structure of the left lung

Answer 8

2 Lobes (Superior and inferior)
1 fissue - the oblique fissure.

Question 9

Which fissure is present in the left lung, draw this.

Answer 9

The oblique fissure.

Question 10

What is meant by a serous membrane

Answer 10

A membrane that produces watery liquid.

Question 11

Describe the structure of the pleura

Answer 11

Double serous membrane consisting of visceral and parietal (external) portions that are separated by a hypothetical (potential space, filled with watery fluid.

Question 12

State the 3 functions of the pleura

Answer 12

1) compartmentalisation therefore reduce the spread of infection
2) help create a pressure gradient therefore help in ventilation
3) Help reduce friction of the lungs?

Question 13

How many Ribs form the bony thorax?

Answer 13

12 ribs

Question 14

How many True ribs are part of the bony thorax

Answer 14

7 pairs of true ribs

Question 15

How many pairs of false ribs form the bony thorax

Answer 15

3 false ribs

Question 16

How many pairs of floating ribs form the bony thorax

Answer 16

2 pairs of floating ribs

Question 17

What is meant by distensibility

Answer 17

This is the ability of the lungs to expand

Question 18

State the three factors that affect lung compliance

Answer 18

1) connective tissue structure
2) The level of surfactant
3) Mobility of the thoracic cage.

Question 19

What is the sternum

Answer 19

The breast bone

Question 20

Describe the structure of the sternum

Answer 20

1) Manubrium
2) Body
3) Xiphisternum

Question 21

Describe the structure of the ribs

Answer 21

Slope downwards and forwards.
Attached by the head and tubercule to the thoracic vertebrae.
Ribs 1-10 attached by the costal cartilage to the sterum

Question 22

How are the ribs attached to the tubercule

Answer 22

Attached by the head and tubercule to the thoracic vertebrae.

Question 23

To which structure are ribs 1-10 attached to?

Answer 23

Ribs 1-10 are attached to the costal cartilage to the sternum.

Question 24

How are teh intercostsal muscles structured

Answer 24

Span the intercostal spaces
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Innermost intercostals

Question 25

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm

Answer 25

The phrenic nerve.

Question 26

What is the bony thorax made up of

Answer 26

The sternum (breast bone) and the 12 ribs

Question 27

How many true ribs are there

Answer 27

7 pairs of true ribs, 3 pairs of false ribs and 2 pairs of floating ribs.

Question 28

Describe the features of the sternum

Answer 28

Manubrium
Body
Xiphisternum

Question 29

Explain the attatchment of the ribs

Answer 29

Ribs 1-10 are attached by costal cartilage to the sternum. The ribs articulate via the head and tubercule to the body of the thoracic vertebrae.