Lung and Chest Wall anatomy Flashcards
Describe the texture of the lungs
Spongy
How many surfaces do the lungs have
3
Name the three surfaces of the lungs and draw and label them
1) Costal (outermost towards thorax)
2) Mediastinal
3) Diagrphragmatic
Draw labelled diagram of lungs showing where the apex and costal surfaces are located
Costal is on the outside. Apex is the topmost part of the lungs.
Which lung is wider and shorter
The right lung
Which lung is narrower and longer
The left lung
Describe the structure of the right lung, and draw a diagram showing these structures.
3 Lobes (Superior, middle,inferior) 2 fissures - oblique and horizontal
Describe the structure of the left lung
2 Lobes (Superior and inferior) 1 fissue - the oblique fissure.
Which fissure is present in the left lung, draw this.
The oblique fissure.
What is meant by a serous membrane
A membrane that produces watery liquid.
Describe the structure of the pleura
Double serous membrane consisting of visceral and parietal (external) portions that are separated by a hypothetical (potential space, filled with watery fluid.
State the 3 functions of the pleura
1) compartmentalisation therefore reduce the spread of infection
2) help create a pressure gradient therefore help in ventilation
3) Help reduce friction of the lungs?
How many Ribs form the bony thorax?
12 ribs
How many True ribs are part of the bony thorax
7 pairs of true ribs
How many pairs of false ribs form the bony thorax
3 false ribs
How many pairs of floating ribs form the bony thorax
2 pairs of floating ribs
What is meant by distensibility
This is the ability of the lungs to expand
State the three factors that affect lung compliance
1) connective tissue structure
2) The level of surfactant
3) Mobility of the thoracic cage.
What is the sternum
The breast bone
Describe the structure of the sternum
1) Manubrium
2) Body
3) Xiphisternum
Describe the structure of the ribs
Slope downwards and forwards.
Attached by the head and tubercule to the thoracic vertebrae.
Ribs 1-10 attached by the costal cartilage to the sterum
How are the ribs attached to the tubercule
Attached by the head and tubercule to the thoracic vertebrae.
To which structure are ribs 1-10 attached to?
Ribs 1-10 are attached to the costal cartilage to the sternum.
How are teh intercostsal muscles structured
Span the intercostal spaces
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Innermost intercostals
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm
The phrenic nerve.
What is the bony thorax made up of
The sternum (breast bone) and the 12 ribs
How many true ribs are there
7 pairs of true ribs, 3 pairs of false ribs and 2 pairs of floating ribs.
Describe the features of the sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphisternum
Explain the attatchment of the ribs
Ribs 1-10 are attached by costal cartilage to the sternum. The ribs articulate via the head and tubercule to the body of the thoracic vertebrae.
