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BIOL10811 Body Systems > Lecture 2 Body Fluids and Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Body Fluids and Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

State the composition of the human body for a 30 year old 70kg male

A

18 percent fat
22 percent lean body mass
60 percent water

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2
Q

What percentage of your body composition is water

A

60 percent is water, approx 42 litres.

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3
Q

How many litres constitute the Total body water

A

42 litres. This is equal to 60 percent of the total body composition.

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4
Q

What is the total body water comprised of, and how many litres make up each part.

A

25 litres is Intracellular fluid

17 liters is extracellular fluid.

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5
Q

What is the Extracellular fluid made up of.

A

13 litres is Interstitial fluid
3 liters is plasma
1 liter is transcellular fluid.

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6
Q

How many liters of interstitial fluid do we have

A

13

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7
Q

How many liters of plasma do we have

A

3

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8
Q

Give examples of some transcellular fluids

A
  • Cerebrospinal fluid
  • Urine
  • GI secretions inc. saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, bile and sweat.
  • aqueous and vitreious humours.
  • synovial fluid.
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9
Q

Interstitial fluid is how many liters

A

13 liters is interstitial fluid

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10
Q

Plasma is how many liters

A

3 liters is plasma

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11
Q

Transceullar fluid is how many liters

A

1 liter of transceullular fluid

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12
Q

Describe the ion concentrations of the Blood Plasmsa

A

Na+= 142mM
K+ = 4.4mM
Cl- = 102mM
Protein =1mM

Low K+
High Na+
High Cl-
1mM protein.

(high/low compared with Intracellular fluid)

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13
Q

What is the osmolality of the Blood plasma

A

290 mOsm

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14
Q

Describe the relative protein concentrations in the E.C.Fs (the blood plasma, and interstitial fluids, transcellular fluid) compared with the I.C.F intracellular fluids

A

Blood has 1mM protein
Interstitial fluid has no protein
Intracellular fluid has 4mM protein
Transcellular fluid has variable protein concentration

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15
Q

Which fluid has the most protein

A

The intracellular fluid has 4mM protein.

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16
Q

Describe the ion concentrations of the Intracellular fluid

A

High K+
Low Na+
Low cl-
High protein [4mM]

Intracellular fluid has less sodium E.C.F but more potassium than the extracellular fluids.

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17
Q

Where is the concentration of potassium ions highest

A

In the intracellular fluid.

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18
Q

Give the osmolality of the Extracellular fluid

A

290 mM

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19
Q

Give the osmolality of the intracellular fluid

A

290mOsm

20
Q

What are the ion concentrations of the transcellular fluid. And what is the osmolality of transcellular fluid

A

Variable. and Variable omsolality.

21
Q

State three key features of the Plasma membrane

A
  • Highly selective permeability
  • lots of transport proteins for uptake and removal of specific solutes
  • vital for regulation for the intracellular environment
22
Q

Describe the permeability of the membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer is impermeable to ions and polar molecules.

23
Q

Describe the three categories of transporter proteins

A
  • Channel protein
  • Carrier protein
  • Pump
24
Q

Which ion transporter proteins are passive

A

Channel mediated and carrier mediated

25
Q

Which transporter requires energy

A

Pumps require energy from ATP hydrolysis to pump the ions against the concentration gradient.

26
Q

Name the three types of carrier protein

A

Facilitator (uniport)
Co-transporter (symport)
Exchanger (antiport)

27
Q

What are the functions of transport proteins

A 
Uptake of nutrients,
uptake of substrates
uptake of cofactors.
export of waste products
regulate intracellular ion content
regulate ph 
regulate cell volume
28
Q

Describe the differential distributions of water and solutes inside the plasma membrane

A 
High potassium
Low sodium
very low calcium
very low chlorine 
high protein
29
Q

Describe the differntial distributions of water and solutes outside the plasma membrane/ in the EXTRA cellular fluid

A 
Low potassium 
High sodium (salty bannana)
low calcium (higher than inside)
High chlorine 
Low protein
30
Q

Explain how the membrane potential is established

A
  • Due to asymmetric distribution of K+
31
Q

What is meant by antiport, give an example

A

Refers to when 2 ions are swapped or exchanged with eachother. Exchanger = carrier protein involved

32
Q

What is meant by symport, give an example

A

Refers to when 2 ions are moved simeltaneously from one region to another. Co-transporter is the carrier protein involved

33
Q

What is meant by uniport, give an example of a transporter

A

Uniport is when one ion is moved at once, Facilitator is the type of carrier protein involved.

34
Q

How is the membrane potential generated

A

Asymmetric distribution of K+ ions generates a membrane potential.

35
Q

With reference to ion concentrations, explain how the membrane potential is generated

A

K+ is pumped across the membrane to the extracellular fluid

36
Q

How does water distribute itself

A

Water distributes itself so that the osmotic pressures, Pi i and Pi o are equal.
Water will move down hydrostatic pressure gradients.

37
Q

What is the capillary endothelium

A

A very thin layer of cells lining blood vessels. It is highly permeable in some organs but not in other organs.

38
Q

Describe three key features of the capillary endothelium

A
  • Very thin layer of cells lining the blood vessels.
  • Highly permeable in some organs but not in others.
  • Has important role in regulation of the interstitial fluid.
39
Q

Describe the relative concentrations of small ions and organic solutes in the ISF compared with the blood plasma inside the capillaries.

A

there is a low concentration of small ions and organis solutes in the interstitial fluid, while there is a high concentration of organic solutes and small ions in the plasma.

40
Q

What are the relative concentration of protein in the ISF compared with the Blood plasma

A

High protein in the blood plasma (inside capillary) with low protein in the ISF

41
Q

Describe the distribution of solutes across the capillary endothelium

A

The concentations of small ions and organis solutes in the Interstitial fluid are approx. equal to those in the Blood plasma.

Protein conc. is low in ISF compared with the blood plasma.

42
Q

What is the colloid osmotic pressure

A

Delta Pi c

43
Q

State 3 important roles of Epithelia

A
  • Epithelia are layers of cells covering internal and external surfaces of organs and tissues.
  • function as a protective barrier
  • have important roles in absorption and secretion.
  • found in kidney tubule, lumen of the gut,
44
Q

Describe Epithelial transport across the lumen of the Gut for Sodium Na+

A
  • Sodium is pumped into the intestinal epithelial cell from the apical membrane.
  • Na+ is pumped out into the basolateral membrane.
  • ## K+ is pumped into the intestinal epithelial cell from the basolateral membrane.
45
Q

Describe the transport of glucose across the epithelium

A
  • Glucose is transported from the apical membrane into the intestinal epithelial cell.
  • Glucose diffuses out of intestinal epithelia into baso-lateral membrane.
46
Q

YOU NEED TO LOOK AT LECTURE SLIDES FOR slides 14-22.

A

ok i will do this.

BIOL10811 Body Systems (10 decks)

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