Lumbar spine

Question 1

Reason why lumbar spine is more susceptible to disc herniation?

Answer 1

Narrowing of posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 2

Comparison of posterior longitudinal ligament at L1 and at L4-5?

Answer 2

Is 1/2 the width at L4-5 than at L1

Question 3

Location of where spinal cord terminates?

Answer 3

L1-2

Question 4

At L4 and L5 which nerve root exits the intervertebral foramen?

If there is a posterolateral disc herniation between L4/L5 which nerve root will be compressed?

Answer 4

1. L4
2. Is L5
   This is because the nerve roots exit below the corresponding vertebre but ABOVE the intervertebral disc.

Question 5

Origin of iliopsoas m?

Answer 5

T12-L5 vertebral bodies

Question 6

What are the Erector spinae muscles (lateral to medial?)?

Answer 6

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis (I Love Spine)

Question 7

Level of iliac crest

Answer 7

L4-L5

Question 8

T10 dermatome at umbilicus is anterior to which IV disc?

Answer 8

L3-L4

Question 9

Asymetry of the facet joint angle

Answer 9

Facet trophism–predisposes to early degenerative changes

Facets in coronal plane instead of sagital

Question 10

What plane are lumbar facets in?

Answer 10

Saggital BM

remeber: BUM, BUL, BM

Question 11

What is the name of th test used for psoas?

Answer 11

THOMAS!!!!

Question 12

what fails to fuse in spina bifida

Answer 12

lamina of vertebra

Question 13

OMT findings for scoliosis

Answer 13

+ Thomas test for psoas

Long leg: 2 things
Only thing to know is PIRIFORMIS hypertonic
Sacral ILA is posterior/Inferior

Short leg: everything else
SB lower
Anterior Inominant so remember findings (Inf ASIS Sup PSIS)

Question 14

what view on XR do you need to see spondylolysis

Answer 14

oblique, since there you can see pars interarticularis fracture “scotty dog collar”
there is no slippage

Question 15

degenerative changes in intervertebral disc and ankylosing of adjacent vertebral bodie

Answer 15

spondylosis

Question 16

what motion makes spondylolisthesis worse

Answer 16

extension

Question 17

Patient can’t walk on heels

Answer 17

L5: fibular

Question 18

Can’t walk on toes

Answer 18

S1: Tibial

Question 19

Pain is relieved by squatting

Answer 19

central spinal stenosis

Question 20

Decreased patella reflex

Answer 20

L3/L4 impingement

Question 21

Decreased Achilies Tendon Reflex

Answer 21

S1

Question 22

Radiology for spinal stenosis?

Answer 22

Osteophytes and decreased IV disc space, foraminal narrowing on oblique views

Question 23

Anterior displacement of one vertebrae in relation to one below due to fractures in the pars interarticularis

Answer 23

What is spondylolisthesis?

Question 24

Defect of pars interarticularis WITHOUT anterior displacement of vertebral body

Answer 24

What is spondylolysis?

Question 25

Radiology for spondylolysis?

Answer 25

Scotty dog on oblique view–fracture of pars interarticularis

Question 26

What is spondylosis?

Answer 26

Radiological term for degenerative changes within IV disc and ankylosing of adjacent vertebral bodie