Lucture 4 Flashcards
Define diet ?
The total nutrients that we need in our body
What is a balanced diet?
It provides all the nutrients in the correct amounts , needed to carry on the life process.
What will happen if the diet doesnt provide all the nutrients in the correct proportion?
That person may suffer with malnutrition.
What should a balance diet contain?
The correct Proportions of carbohydrates,lipids,protiens ,vitamins,water and dietary fiber.
What is the main source of energy for living cells ?
Carbohydrates
What kind of cells cannot use other molecules as an energy source and would die without carbohydrates?
Cells in the nervous system
What does the lipids include ?
Oils and fats
Where we can find lipids ?
Butter , cheese,cholesterol found in egg yolk
What are the richest source of lipids ?
Animal food such as meat along with nuts and seeds .
What are the roles of lipids ?
1) another energy source
2)valuable as energy store becuase they are insoluble in water
3)they provide insulation
A)electrical insulation around the nerves
B)thermal insulation beneath the skin
C) form part of cell membrane
What are the roles of protiens in humans ?
1)catalysts (enzymes)
2)transport molecules (hemoglobin in the blood )
3)structural materials (muscles )
4)hormones (insulin)
5)defence against diseases (antibodies)
What is the best plant source of protein and why ?
Soya bean cuz it countains very less fat and is suitable for people with health problems caused by fat .
Where can we find vitamin c?
Green leafy vegetables such as spanich and in citrus fruits as oranges and lemons
What will happen if someone doesnt have enough of a particular vitamin or mineral in the diet?
They can suffer with deficiency disease
What cuase scurvy?
Too little vitamin C
What happen with people w scurvy ?
They have loose teeth ,their wounds do not heal well
What does vitamin c protects cells from ?
Ageing
Is vitamin D fat soluble ?
Yes
Where we can find vitamin D?
Fish liver olis and in milk it can be also made by the body
Where vitamin D can be made in the body ?
Just beneath the top lyer of the skin , as long as the person is exposed to sunlight
Wht we need vitamin D?
It is needed for effecient uptake and use of calcium ions
If there s a shortage of vitamin D calcium cannot be incorporated into teeth and bones
What is the name of the disease cuased by vitamin D deficiency ?
Rickets having weak legs which may bend under weight of their body
What is the importance of iron ?
1)mineral required for the synthesis of haemoglobin
2) it helps releaese energy during respiration
3)essential for proper functioning of red blood cells
Where we can find iron ?
Red met in liver
what is haemoglobin ?`
The pigment in red blood cells that transport oxygen around the body
Hat is the disease which is cuased by iron defieciency ?
Anemia, cuases a reduced ability to transport oxygen ,the person feels weak and tired
Wat is the importance of calcium ?
1)forms part of the structure of bones and teeth
2)needed for muscles to contract
3)and it plays a part in the cotting of the blood
What are the good sources of calciunm ?
Milk, cheese ,fish
What does the shortage of calcium cuase ?
Rickets
How much water form off the human body ?
70%
What can a loss of watr lead to ?
Unconsciousness
What can loss 10% of watr lead to ?
It would be fatal
Are dietary fiber digestible part of food ?
No it is indigestible
What are the benefits of dietary fiber ?
Stretches the muscles of the gut wall and helps push the food along the peristalsis
What a shortage of fiber can cuase ?
Constipation,may be factor in the development of bowl cancer
Shortage in vitamin A leads to?
Loss of vision
What are the good sources of vitamin A?
Leafy vegetables, carrots, pumpkin
What can the shortage of vitamin Bi cause?
Beri-beri
What are some good sources of vitamin Bi?
Brown rice, potato, eggs
What are the richest sources of iodine?
Tuna, yoghurt, cheese, strawberries
The loss of iodine con cause?
Gioter
