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Cellular and Systems Neuroscience > LTP and LTD > Flashcards

LTP and LTD Flashcards

1
Q

synaptic plasticity

A

ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time. It is a history dependent change in synaptic transmission.

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2
Q

ways of distinguishing plasticity

A

potentiation/depression
time course (short/long)

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3
Q

where does synaptic plasticity occur

A

all regions of the brain (&SC)

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4
Q

how can synaptic transmission be measured

A

brain slices
in vivo

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5
Q

what induces synaptic plasticity

A

high/low frequency stimulation

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6
Q

different forms of synaptic plasticity

A

STP - over time dissipates
LTP - remains elevated, higher frequency
LTD

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7
Q

examples of short term plasticity

A

paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) pre synaptic plasticity

post-tetanic potentiation (PTP)

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8
Q

LTP duration

A

very long lasting (1 year recording)

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9
Q

Hebb’s postulate

A

when an axon of cell A excites a cell B axon and repeatedly takes part in firing, some growth processes or metabolic changes take place in one or both cells so that A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B is increased.

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10
Q

properties of LTP

A

-input specific (LTP only at synapses)

-cooperativity (many axons needed to pass threshold)

-associativity (little stimulation at same time can cause LTP)

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11
Q

what does an increase in synaptic transmission cause

A

increased conductivity of AMPAR
increased density of AMPAR
more synaptic vesicle release

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12
Q

what does LTP induction require

A

NMDAR (coincidence detector)
postsynaptic depolarisation

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13
Q

steps in LTP induction

A

glutamate opens NMDA channel
Ca-CaM activates kinases
phosphorylates AMPAr
more Na+ entry
more receptors

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14
Q

what type of signalling occurs in LTP induction

A

retrograde signalling
gases (NO)
act pre synaptically so more NT release

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15
Q

what occurs after LTP induction

A

immediate structural changes,
input specific change

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16
Q

role of CaMKII

A

trafficking and phosphorylation of AMPAR

17
Q

where does CaMKII autophosphorylation occur

A

Thr 286
inhibits CaM activity

18
Q

role of CaMKII activity reporter

A

2 flurophores: dimVenus/mEGF
colour code fluorscence
high activity = warm colours

19
Q

what does CaMKII activity occulude

A

LTP induction

20
Q

what is CamKII autophosphorylation required for

A

CA1-LTP

not for DG-LTP

21
Q

what are silent synapses

A

functional NMDA receptors
no AMPA receptors

22
Q

what occurs in the developing hippocampus

A

silent synapses and LTP induction

23
Q

how to obtain late-LTP

A

gene transcription and protein synthesis induction and multiple tetani in brain slices

24
Q

what gene is transcribed after synaptic stimulation

A

c-fos (immediately early gene)

25
Q

role of synaptic tagging/synaptic culture

A

enables input specificity and a type of associativity

tag setting -> PRP capture ->L-LTP

26
Q

how is experimental evidence collected for synaptic tagging

A

using a protein synthesis blocker

27
Q

role of PKMzeta in LTP maintenance

A

prevents endocytosis of AMPAR
and phosphorylates synapses

PIN1 - inhibitor of own mRNA translation

28
Q

role of ZIP (zeta inhibitory peptide)

A

erases LTP after consolidation but is not specific

29
Q

different types of LTP

A

brain region (CA1/DG)
age (juvenile/adult/aged)
stimulation frequency (E-LTP/L-LTP)

30
Q

what does LTD stand for

A

long term depression

31
Q

what does LTD stimulation cause

A

dephosphorylation and endocytosis

low frequency NMDAR activation

32
Q

age dependence of LTD induction

A

NMDAR subunits change with age. NR2B containing NMDARs are more permeable to calcium and is more abundant in post natal development.

33
Q

2 types of LTD in CA1

A

NMDAR-LTD (low ca2+, phosphatases)

mGluR-LTD (activates PKC, phosphorylates AMPAR)

34
Q

what is spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP)

A

timing of presynaptic & postsynaptic firing determines whether LTD/LTP induced, or whether synaptic transmission does not change

35
Q

LTD in cerebellum

A

parallel fibres from granule cell
mossy fibre
climbing fibre
purkinje cell

output is inhibitory neurons

36
Q

LTD at parallel fibre-purkinje cell synapses

A

long lasting
input specific
cooperativity (threshold stimulation needed)
coinciding input at parallel fibre & climbing fibre synapses

37
Q

role of pf-PC LTD

A

important for cerebellar learning

Cellular and Systems Neuroscience (21 decks)

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