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Cellular and Systems Neuroscience > Action selection in health science > Flashcards

Action selection in health science Flashcards

1
Q

what is computational neuroscience

A

mathematical modelling of core features of cells, circuits, and neural networks

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2
Q

how is computational neuroscience used

A

to develop predictions and test hypotheses

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3
Q

how is animal movement described as action sequences

A

hierarchial
serially organised (reactions occur together and converge)

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4
Q

what does the central complex contain

A

protocerebral bridge (pb)
fan shaped body (fb)
ellipsoid body (ep)
noduli (no)

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5
Q

how is EB neuron firing measured

A

picrotoxin (triggers inhibitory GABAergic neurons)
sum of net output = increased firing rate

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6
Q

what core features of neurons can be mathematically modelled

A

potassium current
leakage current
membrane potential
gates
sodium current

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7
Q

what does an action potential resemble

A

sine wave (idealised)/rotating phasor

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8
Q

what is an action potential

A

membrane potential/time

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9
Q

what is circular frequency equal to

A

angular velocity (w)
period defines frequency
w = 2pi/T

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10
Q

what is frequency

A

number of cycles per second (Hz)
1/T

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11
Q

what does many APs mean

A

many quasi-periodic rotating phasors
many sine waves (resembles neural activities within a circuit)

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12
Q

what is the fourier transform

A

idealised sine waves integrate

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13
Q

which domains are involved

A

time domain s(t) is converted into a frequency domain s(w)

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14
Q

role of the sinusoidal functions

A

defines circuit/neural activity

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15
Q

types of neural activity

A

periodic
aperiodic

neural activity is often aperiodic

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16
Q

what happens to rotating behaviour

A

coalesce in the centre
each 360 turn in the phase space = burst of a neuron

17
Q

what is the attractor

A

trajectory/point in a phase space to which the system will converge from a set of initial coordinates

18
Q

features of neural circuits

A

-non linear systems may have one or more attractor
-operate near instability for rapid response
-dynamic systems

19
Q

lorenz attractor

A

open, non-equilibrium systems are dynamic, non-linear phase transitions of attractor states

20
Q

types of attractors

A

-periodic
-quasi periodic
-chaos

21
Q

what is action selection

A

coordinates motor actions and their organisation into action sequences by facilitating appropriate motor programmes while inhibiting competing ones

(right thing at the right time)

22
Q

BG direct pathway

A

(D1)
striatum
–> GPi/Snr
–> Thalamus

23
Q

BG indirect pathway

A

(D2)
striatum
–> GPe
–> STN
–> GPi/Snr
–> thalamus

24
Q

what forms the striatum

A

caudate nucleus + putamen

25
Q

channelrhodopsin and optogenetics experiment

Kravitz et al., 2010

A

D1 laser on:
mouse running, direct pathway facilitates movement

D2 laser on:
Indirect pathway inhibits unwanted movement

26
Q

how is action selection coordinated by the direct and indirect pathway

A

both pathways activated at the same time

different from accelerator and break model

27
Q

examples of impaired action selection

A

-dyskinesia
-motor neuron disease
-PD
-FTD (fronto-temporal dementia - unwanted behaviour)

28
Q

BG dysfunction pathological manifestations

A

motor abnormalities
impaired memory formation
attention deficits
affective disorders
sleep disturbances

29
Q

PD

A

loss of DA neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta
causes tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and sleep disturbances (non-motor symptom)

30
Q

what is parkinsonism

A

induced oscillations resonate across BG networks with focal entrainment of STN, GPe and SNr

31
Q

regions involved in action selection

A

vertebrate basal ganglia
arthopod central complex

32
Q

central complex direct pathway

A

(D1)
pb/fb
mEB
gall
dEB/LAL
LAL

33
Q

what are EB ring neurons involved in

A

feature detection

34
Q

role of EB layers and hemisphere divisions

A

reciprocal inhibtion of networks

35
Q

selection and switching in EB

A

R-neuron circuitry mediate salience detection by winner take all functionality, selection of only one active module/wedge. It allows selection between activity states
(strongest signal wins)

36
Q

maintenance in EB

A

lateral inhibition can maintain selected activity after input changes

37
Q

parkinsonism in drosophila

A

loss of DA-EB-LAL pathway
is conserved

38
Q

how is action selection achieved

A

competing activity of direct and indirect pathway in BG

neural activity of EB ring neurons

Cellular and Systems Neuroscience (21 decks)

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