LTD

Question 1

what is the BCM Theory?

Answer 1

Synapses active during strong stimulation -> LTP
Synapses active during weak stimulation -> LTD

Question 2

What is the mechanism of LTD?

Answer 2

NMDA dependent
Ca2+ dependent

Question 3

What enzyme increases causing LTD?

Answer 3

Phosphatases

Question 4

What enzyme increases leading to LTP?

Answer 4

Kinases

Question 5

What does a small depolarization cause?

Answer 5

small influx of Ca2+ and increase in phosphatases

Question 6

What does phosphorylation of AMPA do?

Answer 6

strengthens synapses(LTP)

Question 7

What does the removed of phosphate from AMPA do?

Answer 7

Weakens synapses

Question 8

Is synaptic maintenance dynamic?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What happens when we learn?

Answer 9

It shifts the equilibrium of AMPA, Ca2+, Kinases, and Phosphatases

Question 10

What cells cause the major output of the cerebellum?

Answer 10

Purkinje cells

Question 11

What innervates Perkinje cells 1:1 ratio?

Answer 11

The climbing fibers from the inferior olive(IO)

Question 12

What is the ratio perkinjes to IO neurons?

Answer 12

1:1 with many synapses per perkinje

Question 13

is the IO strongly excitatory?

Answer 13

YES

Question 14

What innervates the Perkinje cells 1 synapse per cell?

Answer 14

The parallel fibers from the Cerebellar granule cells

Question 15

What is Error Detection and Correction?

Answer 15

the process by which the cerebellum learns something subconsciously

Question 16

Describe the process of error detection and correction

Answer 16

Climbing fibers carry error signals, when a movement failed to meet expectations. Changes the strength of parallel fiber-perkinje synapses corrects error(LTD)

Question 17

What is the mechanism of LTD?

Answer 17

Ca2+ influx: via voltage gated Ca2+ channels
Na+ influx: AMPA receptors
Activated metabotropic glutamte receptors(instead of NMDA): G-protein coupled -> activates phopholiase C -> DAG -> protein kinase C ->????
results in AMPA internalization