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Neural Basis of learning and memory > Explicit Memory and the Hippocampus > Flashcards

Explicit Memory and the Hippocampus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Neuropsychological Approach?

A

Finding people with brain damage
Assess behavior
Infer function of particular brain structures based on deficits

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2
Q

What is Amnesia?

A

memory loss due to damage or degeneration

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3
Q

What is Retrograde Amnesia?

A

Loss of memory acquired before injury
Retro(old cannot remember cool old memories)

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4
Q

What is Anterograde Amnesia?

A

Inability to acquire new memories after injury

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5
Q

What causes Korsakoff’s Syndrome?

A

Lack of vitamin B1 due to chronic heavy alcohol abuse

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6
Q

What does B1 do in the body?

A

use it for detoxification of EtOH
Needed for glucose metabolism in the brain

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7
Q

What does Korsakoff’s Syndrome produce?

A

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

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8
Q

What is Wernicke’s Encephalopathy?

A

Retrograde Amnesia, Lack of awareness of illness, confabulation(false memories), Flat affect, No EtOH craving

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9
Q

How far back does the retrograde amnesia go?

A

5-15 years

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10
Q

What are the major structures that are damaged in Korsakoff’s Syndrome?

A

Dorsomedial Thalamus, Medial Hypothalamus, Neocortex

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11
Q

What is Wernicke’s Encephalopathy?

A

Retrograde Amnesia, Lack of awareness of the illness, confabulation(false memories), Flat affect, No EtOH craving

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12
Q

What are the specific areas of the brain that are effected by KS?

A

Mammillary bodies, the frontal cortex, enlarged ventricles

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13
Q

Who was N.A

A

A young marine, who had a fencing foil stabbed into his nose

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14
Q

What are N.A symptoms

A

Mild Retrograde: 1 year
Dense Anterograde: no new explicit memory
Aware of amnesia

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15
Q

What memory does the mirror-tracing task use?

A

implicit memory: ability to physically remember the task

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16
Q

Can NA remember preforming the mirror-tracing task?

A

No

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17
Q

What structures were damaged in NA

A

Dorsomedial thalamus
Mammillary bodies

18
Q

Who was B.J?

A

Snooker cue up the nose

19
Q

What were B.J symptoms?

A

Anterograde amnesia

20
Q

What structures were damaged in NA?

A

Mammillary bodies

21
Q

What are the colloid cyst patients?

A

Pts who have benin tumors on their ventricles

22
Q

How was the results measured in the colloid cyst pts?

A

Extent of mammillary body damage
loss of explicit memory

23
Q

What were the results of the colloid cyst studies?

A

large MB more memory
Small MB less memory

24
Q

Who was H.M?

A

uncontrolled epilepsy, surgery was done and removed bilateral, medial temporal lobes

25
Q

What was removed in HM?

A

Hippocampus, Entorhinal, perirhinal cortex, amygdala

26
Q

What were HM symptoms?

A

Mild retrograde
Dense anterograde: explicit memory
Aware of amnesia

27
Q

Who was RB?

A

Cardiac bypass surgery mishap, hypoxia

28
Q

Where was the damage of RB?

A

CA1

29
Q

RB symptoms?

A

Anterograde amnesia: declarative memory

30
Q

What is explicit/declarative memory?

A

Conscious memories that can be put into words

31
Q

What is implicit/nondeclarative memory?

A

Unconscious memories that cant be put into words

32
Q

What is the Papez circuit?

A

it is the way that the hippocampus is connected to other structures

33
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

explicit recollection of past events

34
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

General knowledge of facts and concepts

35
Q

What is perceptual representation system?

A

identification of words, objects based on form, structure

36
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

Knowing how to do something

37
Q

What is working memory?

A

holding info online in service of comprehension

38
Q

What areas are involved in episodic memory?

A

Diencephalic circuitry(hippocampus, mammillary bodies, etc)

39
Q

What areas are involved in semantic memory?

A

Diencephalic circuitry

40
Q

What areas are involved in perceptual representation system?

A

Temporo-occipital areas, extrastriate cortex

41
Q

What areas are involved in procedural memory?

A

Cortico-striatal circuitry: habit learning
Cerebellum: motor learning

42
Q

What areas are involved in working memory?

A

prefrontal cortex and some cortical bits

Neural Basis of learning and memory (10 decks)

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