LSA, FFE & Emergancy Response Flashcards
Introduction:
What is a conformity mark?
A symbol which is placed on a product which meets the safety, design and construction standards set down in applicable conventions and codes, such as the LSA and FFE codes.
Introduction:
You are unsure about the detailed specifications relating to an international shore connection, which code would you refer to?
The International Code for fire safety systems. FSS CODE
Introduction:
Which chapters of SOLAS lay out the international requirements for LSA and FFE?
- Chapter II-2 - Construction: Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction
- Chapter III - Life Saving Appliances
Introduction:
Which international convention specified the carriage requirements for lifesaving appliances?
The international convention for the safety of life at sea (SOLAS)
Introduction:
What is the wheelmark?
It is the conformity mark placed upon equipment which meets the standards laid down in the EUs marine equipment directive.
Introduction:
What is type approval?
Type approval is a process whereby flag stage authorities determine that a piece of equipment meet the standards laid down in relevant codes and conventions. Once type approval is granted, that equipment may be carried onboard vessels to meet the relevant carriage requirements.
Introduction:
What is the FTP code?
The international code for application of Fire Test procedures sets international requirements for laboratory testing, type approval, and fire test procedures.
Introduction:
What is the LSA code?
The international life saving appliances code. Internationally recognized set of technical requirements for the design, construction and performance of life saving equipment.
SOLAS Training Manual & Maintenance Instructions:
What are SOLAS training manuals?
They are LSA and FFE training materials which are required to be provided to the crew on all vessels.
SOLAS Training Manual & Maintenance Instructions:
How many SOLAS training manuals must be carried onboard?
Either
One is each crew mess room and recreation space
Or
One in each crew cabin
SOLAS Training Manual & Maintenance Instructions:
In a general sense, what information is required to be contained in the SOLAS training manuals?
- Generic guidance on sea survival and firefighting
- Vessel specific information about the LSA and FFE carried onboard and its use
SOLAS Training Manual & Maintenance Instructions:
What are the SOLAS requirements relating to the carriage of maintenance instructions onboard?
All vessels are required to carry maintenance instructions for their LSA and FFE so that the crew are able to maintain the readiness of the equipment.
LSA- General Requirements & Certification:
Which vessels does the LSA code apply to?
All vessels
LSA- General Requirements & Certification:
Which party determines the expiration date of each item of LSA?
The administration ie. flag state
LSA- General Requirements & Certification:
Which certificates do cargo and passenger vessels carry to certify that they meet the carriage requirements for LSA?
- Cargo ship safety equipment certificate
- Passenger ship safety certificate
LSA- General Requirements & Certification:
What is the maximum time permitted for the total abandonment of a passenger vessel?
30 minutes from the abandon ship signal
LSA- General Requirements & Certification:
What is the maximum time permitted for the total abandonment of a cargo vessel?
10 minutes from the abandon ship signal
Lifebuoys:
What are the three types of Lifebuoys you will find onboard?
- Life buoys with self igniting light
- With combined self-igniting light and self-activating smoke signal
- Without self-igniting light and self-activating smoke signal
Lifebuoys:
What is the minimum weight of an MOB lifebuoy?
4kg
Lifebuoys:
Your vessels LOA is 50m, what is the minimum number of life buoys you’d expect to find?
8
Lifebuoys:
How often should life buoys be inspected?
Every week
Lifebuoys:
What signals would you find on an MOB lifebuoy?
A self-igniting light and a self-activating smoke signal
Lifebuoys:
How many life buoys should be equipped with self-igniting lights
At least half of the Lifebuoys onboard
Lifejackets:
What is the key principle for the carriage of life jackets on all types of vessels?
There must be a life jacket for every person onboard.
Passenger vessels are required to carry enough for 105% of persons onboard
REG Code Part A yachts are required to carry an additional 10% (min 2)
Lifejackets:
What are life jacket carriage requirements which relate to personnel on watch?
A sufficient number of lifejackets should be provided for those on Watch and stored in the bridge, in the engine room and anywhere else that is permanently manned.
Lifejackets:
What special features are required of infant lifejackets?
They must…
- allow caretaker to monitor and control infants heat loss
- protect them from knocks during evacuation
- keep them dry
- clear respiratory passages
- allow infant to be fastened to caretaker
Lifejackets:
What is the difference between a life jacket and a buoyancy aid?
A lifejacket is constructed to lift the mouth of an exhausted unconscious person clear of the water, returning them to a stable face up position.
A buoyancy aid will keep the body afloat but won’t prevent the person from resting face down.
Lifejackets:
How long must a lifejackets light last once activated?
At least eight hours
Immersion Suits:
Should all immersion suits be worn with a lifejacket?
No. Only suits without their own inherent buoyancy require the wearer to don a life jacket.
Immersion Suits:
What is the purpose of a thermal protective aid?
To retain body heat, protecting survivor of hypothermia and the effects of cold temperatures. They are mostly intended for use out of the water.
Immersion Suits:
How many protective suits must a cargo vessel carry?
1 for each person onboard.
Immersion Suits:
Where would you expect to find antiexposure suits on passenger vessels?
Muster stations, embarkation stations, cabins and public areas.
Life Boats:
How many life boats are cargo vessels required to carry?
1 or more totally enclosed lifeboats for the total number of persons onboard
Or 1 or more free fall lifeboats.
Other than tankers, cargo vessels less than 85m may carry 1 or more life rafts as an alternative.
Life Boats:
What pyrotechnics should the inventory include?
2 buoyant smoke signals
4 rocket parachute flares
6 handheld flares
Life Boats:
How many lifeboats are passenger vessels on short international voyages required to carry?
No less than 30% of the total number of persons onboard
Life Boats:
Which markings would you expect to see on an approval plate?
- manufacturers name and address
- lifeboat model and serial number
- month and year of manufacture
- capacity
- approval information
Liferafts:
What is the purpose of an HRU?
An HRU is a pressure activated mechanism designed to automatically deploy a liferaft.
Liferafts:
What is the difference between SOLAS pack A and B?
A. For use on vessels on international voyages
B. For use on vessels that are engaged on short international and domestic voyages
Liferafts:
What markings would you expect to find on a liferafts container?
- manufacturers name
- serial number
- name of approval authority
- date of manufacture
- capacity
- launching instructions
- SOLAS approval mark
- length of painter
- type of emergency pack (SOLAS A or B)
Liferafts:
How often should liferafts be serviced?
Liferafts must be serviced by an approved service provider at intervals not exceeding 12 months
Liferafts:
To what must a liferaft painter be secured?
Weak link of the HRU arrangement
Liferafts:
What are the four key steps to be taken once embarking in a liferaft?
Cut, stream, close, maintain
Liferafts:
Between what depths does a standard yellow HRU activate?
Between 1.5 - 4m
Liferafts:
What is found inside the red tube which is fixed to each Liferafts container?
An information card containing
- vessels name
- call sign
- imo number
- flag state
Liferafts:
What is the significance of a green HRU?
It is NOT SOLAS approved
Rescue Boats:
How many rescue boats are vessels required to carry?
Every vessel over 500gt must carry at least 1 rescue boat
Rescue Boats:
How often should rescue boats be launched?
Once a month during an abandon ship drill, if not practical, once every three months is ok.
Pyrotechnics:
What are the 3 types of pyrotechnics?
- Rocket parachute flare
- handheld flare
- Buoyant smoke floats
Pyrotechnics:
How do you use a rocket parachute flare?
- Read instructions
- Remove the cover from firing cord
- Holding flare at arms length, point it downwind and away from people
- Look away and pull the toggle
- Dispose of the used flare safely
Pyrotechnics:
What are the minimum carriage requirements for rocket parachute flares on the bridge?
12
Pyrotechnics:
What are the minimum carriage requirements for line throwing devices?
4 lines. This may be four separate launchers or one launcher with 4 charges.
Pyrotechnics:
How should expired pyrotechnics be disposed of?
Expired pyrotechnics should be removed from service and supposed of ashore at approved service stations and designated ports and harbours.
Launching & Embarkation Applications:
Can embarkation ladders and pilot ladders be used interchangeably?
No. Pilot ladders have strict safety requirements that embarkation ladders do not meet.
Launching & Embarkation Applications:
What is the standard length of an embarkation ladder?
There isn’t a standard length. Each ladder should be of a suitable length extending from the deck to the waterline
Launching & Embarkation Applications:
Should launching appliances be able to operate with a trim beyond 20°?
No. Each launching appliance should be able to operate with a trim up to 10°. Any more than that is a bonus.
Communications
What is the general alarm signal?
7 short 1 long blasts on the ships whistle, siren, bell or klaxon.
Communications
How many two way VHF radios are required on vessels over 500gt?
300-500?
Three
(2 for 300-500)
Fire Prevention Theory
Name the 4 elements of the fire tetrahedron…
Fuel, Oxygen, Heat, Chemical/Chain Reaction
Fire Prevention Theory
Name the 4 stages of a fire…
- Ignition
- Growth
- Fully developed
- Decay
General Requirements & Certification
Where would you find the details
If the general fire arrangement?
The fire control plan
General Requirements & Certification
Which vessels does the FFA code apply to?
All vessels constructed on or after 1 July 2012
General Requirements & Certification
Which plan must permanently be displayed around the vessel?
Fire control plan
General Requirements & Certification
What is the purpose of a structural fire division?
To confine the spread of flames, smoke and heat.
Fire Detection Systems
Where would you expect to find fire detectors on the machinery space?
- Any periodically unattended machinery space
- Spaces with approved automatic control systems which are not continuously manned
- Manned machinery spaces
- All enclosed spaces
Fire Detection Systems
What is a manual call point?
A wall mounted unit with a plastic cover that when broken, activated the alarm system.
Fire Detection Systems
How long will it take for a fire alarm to sound if the control panel is not acknowledged?
If not acknowledged within 2 minutes, a fire alarm will be sounded throughout crew accommodation and service spaces.
Fire Detection Systems
What is the purpose of a sample extraction smoke system?
Used in cargo spaces to prevent the release of toxic flammable substances into accommodation and service areas.
Escape Routes
Are lifts considered to be a means of escape?
No.
Escape Routes
How many EEBDs must be available in cargo vessels accommodation spaces?
2
International Shore Connection
What is an international shore connection?
A universal connection which allows a vessel to connect to a shoreside main.
International Shore Connection
Which components must be kept onboard with the connection?
- Gasket of any material suitable for 1.0N/mm2 services
- 4 bolts of 16mm diameter and 50mm in length
- 4 16mm nuts
- 8 washers
International Shore Connection
Which vessels are required to carry an international shore connection?
All vessels over 500gt
Portable Fire Extinguishers
When will an extinguisher need recharging?
After use and if it loses 10% or more of its initial mass
Portable Fire Extinguishers
What is the required capacity of a cO2 extinguisher?
At least 5kg
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Which class of fire can a fire blanket be used on?
Class F fires - fats or cooking oils
Portable Fire Extinguishers
What can you not use a wet chemical extinguisher on?
Flammable liquids, flammable metals, and live electrical equipment
Water supply system:
What is the purpose of an isolation valve?
The purpose of the isolation valve is to separate the fire main within the machinery space containing the main fire pump or pumps from the fire main
Water supply system:
What is the maximum permitted length of fire hose in a machinery space?
15m
LSA/FFE: Fixed firefighting systems
Which vessels must be fitted with fixed deck foam systems?
tankers transporting cargo with a flashpoint below 60°c
LSA/FFE: Fixed firefighting systems
Which vessels must be fitted with fixed deck foam systems?
tankers transporting cargo with a flashpoint below 60°c
LSA/FFE: Fixed firefighting systems
Who onboard is able to authorize the use of fixed co2 systems?
The master and chief engineer
LSA/FFE: Fixed firefighting systems
What are the two types of foam used in fixed systems?
Aqueous film forming foam concentrate (AFFF)
Alcohol resistant Aqueous film forming foam concentrate (AR-AFFF)
LSA/FFE: Fixed firefighting systems
Why would you start the emergency generator when activating a fixed Co2 system?
To provide a source of energy. Flooding the space with co2 requires all machinery to be stopped, including the generators.
LSA/FFE: Fixed firefighting systems
What must happen before releasing a co2 system?
If safe, all persons must be evacuated from the space.
*LSA/FFE: Firefighting equipment *
How many firefighter outfits should all vessels carry (and how many for tankers and passenger vessels?
2
Tankers should carry an additional 2
Passenger vessels should carry 2 for every 80m of vessel
*LSA/FFE: Firefighting equipment *
Should an EEBD be used for entry into a hazardous space?
No. Means of escape only
*LSA/FFE: Firefighting equipment *
When testing an SCBA, when would you expect to hear the low pressure alarm whistle?
What is the 3 P test?
When the pressure reaches 50-60 bar
HP - high pressure test (turn tank on and take a breath, check gauge)
LP - low pressure test (turn take off take a couple short breaths until it hits 50-60bar until whistle sounds, turn back on)
PP - positive pressure test (stick two fingers in side of mask and pull and you will feel pressure suck it back)
*LSA/FFE: Firefighting equipment *
Can you use an SCBA for enclosed space rescue?
Yes. They are not just for firefighting
LSA/FFE: legislation and publications
What is the current edition of the bridge procedures guide?
6th edition
LSA/FFE: legislation and publications
What is the current edition of the bridge procedures guide?
6th edition
LSA/FFE: legislation and publications
Which volume of iamsar is required to be carried onboard?
IAMSAR volume III
LSA/FFE: legislation and publications
What is the purpose of MFAG?
It is designed to aid in medical emergencies related to dangerous goods
LSA/FFE: legislation and publications
What is the purpose of MFAG?
It is designed to aid in medical emergencies related to dangerous goods
LSA/FFE: legislation and publications
Where can you find emergency checklists?
The SMS and the Bridge procedures guide
LSA/FFE: Muster Lists and Alarms
General alarm
7 short blasts followed by 1 long on ships horn or whistle
LSA/FFE: Muster Lists and Alarms
Fire alarm
Continuous ringing of the ships bell
LSA/FFE: Muster Lists and Alarms
MOB
3 long blasts on the ships bell to alert crew and 3 long blasts on ships horn/whistle to alert other ships in the area and to reassure the person overboard that rescue is underway.
LSA/FFE: Muster Lists and Alarms
Navigational alarm
Each item of navigational equipment and steering gear will have their own visual and audible failure alarms which can be monitored on the bridge control panel
LSA/FFE: Muster Lists and Alarms
Machinery space alarm
Similar to the navigation alarms, machinery spaces also have visual and audible alarms which can be monitored from the conte room alarm panel and remotely from the bridge
LSA/FFE: Muster Lists and Alarms
CO2 alarm
Sound any sequence which is easily distinguishable from other alarms. There will be separate alarms for each space that is protected by fixed CO2 extinguishing systems.
LSA/FFE: Muster Lists and Alarms
What is the minimum information that would expect to find on a muster list?
- alarms and signals
- general instructions for emergency response
- duties
- substitutes
- abandon ship duties
LSA/FFE: Muster Lists and Alarms
When should muster lists be updated?
Upon crew changes and alterations and before the vessel proceeds to sea
LSA/FFE: Main Engine Failure
Your vessel has a main engine failure, what nav lights would you display?
Not Under Command (2 all round red lights in a vertical line).
LSA/FFE: Main Engine Failure
What other emergencies could a main engine failure lead to?
Grounding and collision
LSA/FFE: Main Engine Failure
Initial actions
- call master and establish comma with engine room
- disengage autopilot and take immediate action to steer clear of any danger
- fix vessels position
- post additional lookouts
- display NUC lights and shapes and AIS status
- close all water and weathertight doors and openings
Next:
- take note of tides and currents which could cause drift into danger
- broadcast safety or urgency message upon masters request
- inform VTS or port authority if appropriate
- prepare to anchor if depth and conditions appropriate
Follow up
- maintain log and record all events
LSA/FFE: Steering gear failure Failure
What are the signs of a steering gear failure (not including alarms)
- Failure to maintain a planned track
- Unexpected drift not caused by tides and currents
LSA/FFE: Blackout
What is a blackout?
A total electrical power failure that occurs when there is a malfunction of the main generator and alternator
LSA/FFE: Blackout
What are some of the essential services that an emergency generator will provide power to?
- All emergency lighting
- Navigation lights
- Bridge equipment
- VHF and GMDSS installations
- Fixed firefighting systems
- Fire pumps
- Bilge pumps
- Watertight doors
LSA/FFE: Blackout
The emergency generator does not automatically start, who is responsible for the manual start?
The closest crew member to the emergency generator.
Al crew are required to know how to manually start the emergency generator
LSA/FFE: Collision
Why might it not be prudent to attempt to separate two vessels which have collided?
One vessel may be acting as a plug in the other preventing the ingress of water and maintaining stability.
LSA/FFE: Collision
Which alarm would you immediately sound if collision was inevitable?
General alarm
LSA/FFE: Grounding
A shipping container has been spotted floating in a shipping lane, what type of message should be sent?
Safety
LSA/FFE: MOB/SAR
What are the responsibilities of a SAR mission coordinator?
Planning, execution, and coordination of the SAR mission
LSA/FFE: MOB/SAR
Who is usually appointed as the on scene coordinator?
The first vessel on scene will assume OSC
LSA/FFE: MOB/SAR
You are on watch and a crew member reports that they have not seen Duncan in the last 3 hours. He was last seen taking a walk on the deck. Which emergency maneuver would you use and why?
The Scharnov Turn is appropriate for when time has lapsed between the occurrence and the start of the turn. It covers less distance, saves time and takes the vessel back into her own wake.
LSA/FFE: fire
A fire in the main engine compartment has grown out of control, which fixed fire suppression system could be used?
A fixed CO2 system
LSA/FFE: abandon ship
Which situation may cause the master to decide to abandon ship?
- Fires that cannot be extinguished
- Severe flooding
- Collision
- Capsizing
- Grounding with no possibility of refloating
LSA/FFE: abandon ship
What are the three means of communications that must be carried into survival crafts?
- EPIRB
- SART
- SOLAS radios
LSA/FFE: abandon ship
How would you know which life boat you’re allocated to?
Allocation will be on the muster list
LSA/FFE: abandon ship
You are on a small cargo vessel with 10 crew, how many life rafts would you deploy?
As many as safely possible. The more life rafts in the water, the higher the visibility and chances of being rescued
LSA/FFE: Enclosed space
Can you give some examples of enclosed spaces?
- Cargo holds
- Co2 compartments
- Cofferdams
- FW tanks
- Engine crank case
LSA/FFE: Enclosed space
Would you enter an enclosed space to help a crew member?
No. Raise alarm immediately, contact bridge report all info, report to muster station to prepare to enter enclosed space. Do not use EEBD to enter.
LSA/FFE: Enclosed space
Define enclosed space
Hazardous areas which are not intended for continuous work or occupation.
