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whitehorse master 3000 oral prep > Environental Regulations > Flashcards

Environental Regulations Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction to MARPOL:

What does MARPOL stand for?

A

The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships

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2
Q

Introduction to MARPOL:

Which annex sets dish charge limitations for garbage?

A

Annex V (5)

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3
Q

Introduction to MARPOL:

What is covered under Annex II?

A

Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk

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4
Q

Introduction to MARPOL:

Which annex creates emission control areas?

A

Annex VI (6)

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5
Q

Introduction to MARPOL:

When was MARPOL first adopted?

A

1973

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6
Q

Introduction to MARPOL:

Which annex requires vessels to be prepared for oil spills?

A

Annex I

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7
Q

Introduction to MARPOL:

Which annex controls the discharge of sewage from vessels ?

A

Annex IV (4)

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8
Q

Introduction to MARPOL:

Which annex is focused on the prevention of pollution of the air?

A

Annex VI (6)

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9
Q

Introduction to MARPOL:

In general terms, what does MARPOL aim to achieve?

A

MARPOL aims to prevent pollution of the maritime environment by vessels, both from routine operational discharges and from accidental discharges in emergencies.

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10
Q

Introduction to MARPOL:

Which annex is closely linked to the IMDG code?

A

Annex III - Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form

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11
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

Into which category would oil used to lubricator the main engine fall?

A

Oil from machinery spaces

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12
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

Are petrochemicals covered under MARPOL annex I?

A

No, petrochemicals fall under the auspices of MARPOL Annex II (noxious liquid substances in bulk)

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13
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

Are passenger vessel required to carry an ORB part II?

A

No, only tankers over 150gt are required to.

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14
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

Which vessels are required to have an IOPPC

A

All vessels over 400gt and oil tankers over 150gt

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15
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

What are the survey intervals for the IOPPC?

A

IOPPC is valid for 5 years and subject to annual and intermediate surveys during that period and a renewal survey at the end of the 5 year period.

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16
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

In which record book would the collection and disposal of oily bilge residue be recorded?

A

This is a machinery space operation, so it would be recorded in Part I of the Oil Record Book

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17
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

How often does the Engineer sign the ORB?

A

On completion of each operation

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18
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

What does SOPEP stand for?

A

Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan

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19
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

May a large container ship in the middle of the Atlantic discharge oil?

A

It is not in a special area and therefore may discharge oil from its machinery space when it is in route, provided that the oil is processed by approved oil filtering equipment and the effluent doesn’t exceed 15ppm. As a large container ship would be over 10,000gt, that filtering equipment must feature an alarm and auto shut off.

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20
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

When discharging oil from a machinery space, what is the max oil content in an effluent mixture measured in PPM?

A

15 PPM

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21
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

When may a small workboat operating in the Red Sea discharge oil?

A

Assuming the vessel is less than 400gt, the same requirements apply, regardless of whether they are inside or outside a special area. In both cases, the vessel must be in route, have approved oil filtering equipment fitted and the effluent must not exceed 15 PPM

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22
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

When may a vessel discharge oil in the Antarctic?

A

Never. Under the Polar Code, all discharge of oil or oil mixtures in the arctic and Antarctic are prohibited.

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23
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

How much of its original cargo May a tanker discharge?

A

The total discharge must not exceed 1/30,000th of the original cargo and discharges from a cargo space are only permitted to occur outside of a special area.

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24
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

Which system uses rotation to separate oil and water?

A

Centrifugal Oily Water Separator

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25
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

Why are segregated ballast tanks required?

A

To separate ballast water from oil cargos so that there is no risk of contamination.

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26
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

Which system is typically fitted to slip tanks and takes advantage of the fact that oil and water don’t mix easily?

A

Oil/water interface detectors

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27
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

What is the difference between an ODME and an ODMCS?

A

Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment is used to monitor discharges from machinery spaces

Whereas

Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control Systems are used to monitor discharges from cargo spaces

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28
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

How often is the IMO’s list of National operational contacts list updated?

A

Every three months

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29
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

What is the minimum requirement for the carriage of SOPEP equipment?

A

There is no minimum requirement. The quantity is risk assessed by the crew/company and is accepted as being adequate when the SOPEP plan is approved. Once documented in SOPEP plan, the quantity must be maintained.

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30
Q

OIL MARPOL Annex I:

Which vessels are required to carry a SOPEP plan?

A

All vessels over 400gt and oil tankers over 150gt

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31
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

Where can a list of Noxious liquid substances be found?

A

The international bulk chemical Code (IBC code)

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32
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

Which category of NLS is the most harmful to the marine environment and human health?

A

Category X

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33
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

Which category of NLS is the least harmful to the marine environment and human health?

A

Other substances (OS)

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34
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

To which vessels does MARPOL annex II apply?

A

To all vessels carrying NLS in bulk

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35
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

Which category poses a minor hazard to the marine environment and human health?

A

Category Z

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36
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

Which document lays out the vessel’s emergency response plan in the case of a spill?

A

Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan (SMPEP)

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37
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

Which document lays out the physical arrangement load/discharge procedures of a chemical tanker?

A

The procedure and arrangement (P&A) manual

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38
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

Which non-crew member will regularly make entries into the Cargo record book?

A

An authorized cargo surveyor

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39
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

What does SMPEP stand for?

A

shipboard Marine pollution emergency plan

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40
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

Which vessels are required to carry a SMPEP?

A

Vessels over 150gt carrying noxious liquid substances in bulk

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41
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

Which certificate is issued under MARPOL annex II?

A

International pollution prevention certificate for the carriage of NLS in bulk

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42
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

Which certificate is issued under the IBC code?

A

A certificate of fitness

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43
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

What is the minimum distance from land that residue of a category Y cargo can be discharged?

A

12nm provide that the category-based discharge requirements have been followed

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44
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

What are persistent floaters?

A

Product with a high viscosity and/or a high melting point which can solidify under certain conditions. Examples include vegetable oil or paraffin-lime cargoes

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45
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

What are the special areas under MARPOL Annex II

A

Discharges are banned in the Arctic and Antarctic. There are also special requirements for persistent floaters in an area stretching from Gibraltar, up to the Norwegian coast, including the Baltic Sea the UK and Ireland

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46
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

When May category X cargo residue be discharged

A

The tank must be pre washed prior to departure and the wash water discharged ashore until the total concentration of the effluent is less than 0.1% by weight ( testing by a certified surveyor)

Then the remaining wash water must be discharged and the tank completely stripped. Any water subsequently introduced into the tanks may be discharged in accordance with the discharge requirements

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47
Q

**Noxious liquid substance in bulk - MARPOL Annex II

What are the discharge requirements under Annex II, once the category-based requirements have been met?

A

The vessel must be outside of a special area, ‘en route at a speed of at least 7 knots, more than 12 nm from land, in a depth of not less than 25m and the discharge must be conducted below the waterline

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48
Q

SEWAGE - MARPOL ANNEX IV:

Which category of waste is anything generated in a medical space onboard?

A

Black water

49
Q

SEWAGE - MARPOL ANNEX IV:

Which category of waste originates from showers onboard?

A

Grey water

50
Q

SEWAGE - MARPOL ANNEX IV:

To which vessels does MARPOL ANNEX IV apply?

A

All vessels over 400gt or those certified to carry more than 15 persons

51
Q

SEWAGE - MARPOL ANNEX IV:

Which category of waste is anything from a toilet onboard?

A

Black water.

52
Q

SEWAGE - MARPOL ANNEX IV:

What does ISPPC stand for?

A

International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate

53
Q

SEWAGE - MARPOL ANNEX IV:

How long is the ISPPC valid for?

A

5 years with a renewal survey after 5 years, there are no annual or intermediate surveys.

54
Q

SEWAGE - MARPOL ANNEX IV:

Why would a vessel also carry a type approved certificate in order to comply with annex IV?

A

If the vessel is fitted with a sewage treatment plant or a comminuting and disinfecting plant, the plant itself needs to be certified as meeting the requirements of the annex. It will therefore be issued a type approval certificate.

55
Q

SEWAGE - MARPOL ANNEX IV:

Where are records of sewage discharge recorded?

A

Sewage discharges must be recorded but annex IV doesn’t provide a standard format for doing so (unlike ORB annex I or GRB annex V).

Vessels may carry a sewage record book or may record discharges in the Engine Log Book.

56
Q

SEWAGE - MARPOL ANNEX IV:

Which vessel type does the Baltic Sea special area apply to?

A

Passenger vessels

57
Q

SEWAGE - MARPOL ANNEX IV:

Which piece of equipment enables vessels to discharge sewage outside of 3nm from land?

A

A comminuting and disinfecting system

58
Q

SEWAGE - MARPOL ANNEX IV:

Where can effluent from a sewage treatment plant be discharged?

A

Under MARPOL annex IV, it can be discharged anywhere (inside 3nm from land), although other National or local bylaws may prevent discharges in ports.

59
Q

SEWAGE - MARPOL ANNEX IV:

Where can untreated, raw sewage be discharged?

A

Outside of 12nm from land or to a reception facility ashore.

60
Q

SEWAGE - MARPOL ANNEX IV:

What type of equipment is required for vessels who will only discharge their sewage ashore or outside of 12nm?

A

A holding tank

61
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

To which vessels does MARPOL Annex V apply?

A

It applies to all Ships, irrespective of size, including offshore platforms and non-commercial craft.

62
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

Which document explains how garbage is to be stored onboard?

A

The Garbage Management Plan

63
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

Where are discharges of garbage recorded?

A

All discharges of garbage are recorded in the vessel’s Garbage Record Book

64
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

When garbage is discharged ashore, what other form of record must be obtained and kept?

A

Receipts must be obtained from shoreside authorities, or those responsible for receiving the garbage, to prove that the garbage was disposed of properly. These must be kept with the Garbage Record Book.

65
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

Which vessels are required to carry an IGPPC?

A

None!

66
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

Who should the garbage management plan designate ?

A

A person responsible for the implementation of the plan (often chief Officer or Chief engineer)

67
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

What vessels required to carry a garbage management plan?

A

Every vessel over 100gt or carrying more than 15 persons onboard

68
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

Which part of the GRB should a shoreside discharge of garbage be recorded?

A

Part 1. (Regardless of their destination)

69
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

What vessels are required to maintain a GRB?

A

All Vessels over 400gt or carrying more than 15 people

70
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

Which vessels are required to post placards to notify the crew/passengers of garbage discharge limitations?

A

All vessels over 12m and every fixed or floating offshore platform

71
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

When can food waste be discharged while navigating around the Italian coast?

A

Inside a special area, comminuted food waste may be discharged when 12nm or more from land, while en route.

72
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

When can food waste be discharged in the Arabian Sea?

A

Outside a special area, comminuted food waste may be discharged outside of 3nm and whole food waste may be discharged outside of 12nm.

73
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

What are the special areas under MARPOL Annex V?

A
  1. Antarctic Area
  2. Baltic Sea
  3. Black Sea
  4. Red Sea
  5. Mediterranean Sea
  6. Wider Caribbean Region
  7. Northwest European Water
  8. Gulf Area
74
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

How many categories of garbage are there?

A

9

plus 2 for cargo residues

75
Q

GARBAGE - MARPOL ANNEX V:

When is it permitted for cleaning agents and additives to enter the water?

A

It is permitted in all areas, provided that the cleaning agent/additives are not harmful to the marine environment

76
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

Which pollutant is created in proportion to the content of a molecule in a vessels fuel?

A

Sulphur Oxides (SOx)

77
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

Where do NOx come from?

A

Nitrous oxides are produced during the combustion process in a vessels engines.

78
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

What are ODS and what do they do?

A

Ozone depleting substances destroy the ozone layer in earths atmosphere exposing us to excess UV radiation at the surface

79
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

Where do VOCs come from?

A

In a maritime context, VOCs originate from evaporation from the surface of oil products during loading, discharge and while on passage.

80
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

Which vessels are required to have an IAPPC?

A

All vessels over 400gt

81
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

Within an ECA, what is the suphur content limit?

A

0.1%

82
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

What is the sulphur content limit outside of an ECA?

A

0.5%

83
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

Which type of scrubber sprays seawater across the exhaust gases to remove pollutants?

A

Open-loop scrubber

84
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

When must the fuel changeover procedure be started when approaching an ECA?

A

In sufficient time that the changeover can be completed (as per the fuel changeover procedure) and the emissions leaving the funnel be from low sulphur fuel before entering the ECA

85
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

What does ECA stand for? Where are the current ones?

A

Emission control area

  1. North America (including most of the US and Canada coast, non-arctic)
  2. US and Caribbean Sea (including Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands)
  3. Baltic Sea
  4. North Sea
86
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

Which engines/generators are required to have an EIAPPC?

A

Each generator or engine over 130kw (for vessels constructed after 1 Jan 2000) is required to have its own Engine Intl Air Pollution Prevention Certificate, stating which standard it meets

87
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

How do tankers manage VOC emissions?

A

Tankers carrying crude oil are required to have an approved VOC management plan detailing how they minimize the escape of VOCs during their operations

88
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

What is a NOx technical file?

A

Engines/generators which are required to have an EIAPPC are also required to have a NOx technical file detailing all of the components and settings which may effect the NOx emissions of the engine.

89
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

Vessels which have rechargeable refrigeration systems that contain ODS are required to carry what?

A

They just maintain an ODS record book which details the recharge, discharge and maintenance of such systems.

90
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

What additional requirement applies to newer vessel wishing to operate in an ECA?

A

Vessels built after 1 Jan 2016 must be fitted with Tier III engines in order to operate in the North American or US Caribbean Sea ECA’s, and the same rule applies for vessels built after 1 Jan 2021 operating in the Baltic or North Sea ECA’s.

91
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

How are ODS emissions controlled on newly built vessels?

A

For ships built after 1 Jan 2020, Annex VI simply bans the use of all ODS and rechargeable systems

92
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

What is the main objective of the EEDI?

A

To minimize the CO2 emissions of newly built vessels

93
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

Which vessels are required to have an IEEC?

A

The Intl Energy Efficiency Certificate is required under annex VI for vessels over 400gt

94
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

What does the IEEC certify?

A

That the vessel is meeting the requirements of of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)/Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and is actively managing its energy efficiency through a ship energy efficiency management plan.

95
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

What is the difference between the Required EEDI and the Attained EEDI?

A

The Required EEDI is what the vessel is required to meet under Annex VI

The Attained EEDI is what the vessel actually achieved

96
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

What is the difference between EEDI and EEXI?

A

EEDI- Energy efficiency design index applies to new vessels

EEXI - Energy efficiency existing ship index applied to existing vessels

97
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

Which vessel are required to report their fuel consumption?

A

Vessels over 5000gt must report to their flag state each year

98
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

What does annex VI require a vessel to do to manage and improve its energy efficiency over time?

A

Vessels over 400gt on intl voyages are required to develop a ship energy efficiency management plan (SEEMP) to highlight areas of potential improvement of fuel efficiency and to implement those improvements. Once implemented, they are monitored and evaluated, and further plans are made to continue a virtuous cycle of efficiency improvements.

99
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

What is the EEDI/EEXI technical file?

A

Vessels must carry an EEDI/EEXI technical file to demonstrate how the Attained EEDI or EEXI was calculated

100
Q

AIR - MARPOL ANNEX VI:

Which grade of CII requires a vessel to submit and implement a corrective action plan if a vessel is so rated for 3 years?

A

D

101
Q

Invasive Species:

When was the Ballast water management convention adopted?

A

8th of September 2017

102
Q

Invasive Species:

What certificate is required under the BWMC?

A

All vessels over 400gt must be issued with an international Ballast Water Management Certificate(IBWMC), which certifies that the vessel conducts ballast water management operations in accordance with the convention and is using an appropriate method of ballast water exchange or treatment.

103
Q

Invasive Species:

What records are kept of ballast water operations?

A

The Ballast Water Record Book records when ballast water is taken onboard, discharged, exchanged and treated, as well as any accidental or exceptional discharges. The BWRB may be maintained in either paper or electronic form.

104
Q

Invasive Species:

What are the requirements for a ballast water management plan?

A

The BWMP must comply with the requirements stipulated in the IBWMC. An officer must be appointed to manage and maintain all records.

105
Q

Invasive Species:

What is the difference between an alien species and an invasive species?

A

An Alina species is one which is introduced outside of its natural distribution, whereas an invasive species is on which harms the environment into which it is introduced

106
Q

Invasive Species:

Why might a vessel conduct flushing?

A

To remove excess sediment which has built up in the ballast tanks

107
Q

Invasive Species:

Where are ballasting operations recorded and what will be recorded?

A

In the ballast water record book.
Start/stop
Distance to land
Depth
Quantity
Exchange/treatment method
Responsible person

108
Q

Invasive Species:

Why can ballast water exchange operations be dangerous?

A

Reduce stability

109
Q

Invasive Species:

What is the purpose of the Anti-fouling convention?

A

The convention identifies the requirement to protect the marine environment from harmful anti-fouling substances as well as the need for a fouling plan

110
Q

Invasive Species:

When is an international Anti-fouling system certificate required to be issued and renewed?

A

All vessel over 400gt on international voyages must carry an IASC. The certificate doesn’t have an expiry but it must be renewed whenever more than 25% of the anti-fouling system is changed

111
Q

Invasive Species:

Which vessels are required to carry a biofouling management plan?

A

The IMO issues guidelines however it’s not mandatory.

112
Q

Invasive Species:

What is recorded in the biofouling record book?

A

All inspections and biofouling management measures undertaken on the ship

113
Q

Climate change:

The IMO initial strategy envisages a reduction of total annual GHG Emissions of how much by 2050?

A

50%

114
Q

Climate change:

What is the IMO’s approach to climate change called?

A

The “Initial strategy on the reduction of GHG emissions from ships” or “IMO 2050”

115
Q

Climate change:

Under which annex of MARPOL are energy efficiency-related goals being pursued?

A

MARPOL Annex VI (air pollution)

116
Q

Particularly sensitive sea area:

What is a PSSA?

A

An area of the sea that requires special protection and which is particularly susceptible to damage caused by maritime activities

117
Q

Particularly sensitive sea area:

Must vessels avoid PSSA’s?

A

Not necessarily. A PSSA will have measures put in place to protect it, which may include areas to be avoided but there are other measures available too

118
Q

Particularly sensitive sea area:

What’s the difference between special areas and a particular sensitive sea area?

A

A particularly sensitive sea area is distinct from a special area. The latter tend to be larger areas designated under one of the MARPOL annexes, although they are not mutually exclusive and overlap in many cases

whitehorse master 3000 oral prep (7 decks)

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