LRTI Flashcards
What is the definition of acute bronchitis?
Inflammation of the bronchi
What is exacerbation of COPD?
Sudden worsening of COPD symptoms
What is pneumonia?
An LRTI with bacteria, involves filling of the alveoli with bacterial cells and fluid
What is bronchiectasis?
Abnormal widening of the bronchi
What is a lung abscess?
Localised collection of infection, not that common in respiratory medicine
What is the UK incidence of pneumonia?
5-11 per 1000
What are the main symptoms of pneumonia?
Malaise Fever Chest pain Cough Purulent sputum Dyspnoea
What is the problem with pneumonia symptoms?
They are very non-specific
What is rusty sputum produced from?
Pneumococcal pneumonia
What is rusty sputum?
Sputum tinged with blood
What is tachpnoea?
A fast respiratory rate
Which test offers the best microbiological diagnosis?
Blood culture
What is the name of teh pneumonia severity scoring chart?
CURB 65
What is an empyema?
Infection of the pleural space
What type of patients will generally have advanced bronchiectasis?
Patients with cystic fibrosis
What are the 2 main symptoms of bronchiectasis?
Chronic cough
Daily sputum production
What are the 3 main bacteria that cause bronchiectasis?
H. influenzae
Staph aureus
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
What is tracheitis?
Prolonged croup with a fever
What is the definition of biphasic stridor?
Sounds on inhalation and exhalation
Is bronchitis self-limiting?
Mostly, yes
What is the mechanism of bacterial bronchitis?
Disturbed mucociliary clearance
What type of infection is bacterial bronchitis?
Secondary
Which virus is bronchiolotis usually caused by?
RSV`
How can you tell if it is NOT bronchiolitis?
If they have had bronchiolitis before, as bronchiolitis is a one off infection - NOT RECURRENT
What are the 3 main things required in the management of bronchiolitis?
Oxygenation
Hydration
Nutritition
What does a wheeze make unlikely in LRTIs?
Bacterial cause
What should CXRs only be used for in diagnosing LRTIs?
Only to confirm clinical findings
What does vaccination reduce in pertussis?
Risk and severity
How can empyema be a complication of pneumonia?
There is an extension of infection into the pleural space
