Clinical features, radiology and staging of lung cancer

Question 1

What percentage of lung cancers are emergency presentations?

Answer 1

38%

Question 2

What is the name of the cancer most prevalent that is not linked to smoking?

Answer 2

Adenocarcinoma

Question 3

Why is it important to differentiate between the types of NSCLC?

Answer 3

Due to the differentiation in treatment available to give, and how they will react to each individual NSCLC

Question 4

What does TNM stand for in terms of staging in lung cancer?

Answer 4

T- tumour
N- nodes
M- metastases

Question 5

What does N0 indicate?

Answer 5

There is no regional node involvement

Question 6

What does M1 indicate?

Answer 6

There are distant metastasis present

Question 7

What does EBUS stand for?

Answer 7

Endobronchial ultrasound

Question 8

Name the 4 most commonly sampled nodes using EBUS

Answer 8

Upper paratracheal
Lower paratracheal
Subcarinal
Hilar

Question 9

What is the size associated with a pulmonary nodule?

Question 10

What is the size associated with a pulmonary mass?

Answer 10

> 3cm

Question 11

What are the 4 main review areas of a chest radiograph?

Answer 11

Hila
Lung apices
Behind heart
Behind diaphragm

Question 12

After seeing a intrapulmonary lesion in a CXR, what do you need to get?

Answer 12

A CT scan

Question 13

What does the N stand for in TNM for cancer staging?

Answer 13

Whether cancer cells have spread into the nodes

Question 14

What is T staging based on?

Answer 14

Size of the tumour

Question 15

Tumours of the lung spread to which nodes first?

Answer 15

The hilar nodes

Question 16

What fraction of patients with lung cancer present with metastases?

Answer 16

1/3