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Pharm Test 3 > Lower Respiratory > Flashcards

Lower Respiratory Flashcards

0
Q

How is lower respiratory illnesses defined

A

Obstruction of airflow through the airways;

Problems getting air in and out of lungs

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1
Q

The main lower respiratory illness

A

COPD

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2
Q

Three types of lower respiratory illnesses

A

Chronic bronchitis
Persistent asthma
Emphysema (COPD)

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3
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Relax bronchial smooth muscle bands= dilate bronchi and bronchioles

Makes it easier to breath

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4
Q

Beta adrenergic agonists

A

Bronchodilates very fast
Beta 2
Used in acute phase of an asthma attack

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5
Q

Contraindications of beta adrenergic agonists

A

Uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias (fast rates)

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6
Q

Side effects of beta adrenergic agonists

A 
CNS effects (headache, dizzy, tremors, nervous) 
Throat irritation and drug tolerance
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7
Q

It is easy to overdoes on beta adrenergic agonists

A

True

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8
Q

Interactions of beta adrenergic agonists

A

Beta blockers

MAOI’s and other sympathomimetics= hypertension

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9
Q

What does MAO’s do

A

Break down epi, norepinephrine, and dopamine

Without MAO’s you will have a lot of epi, norepinephrine, and dopamine

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10
Q

Adrenaline

A

Beta adrenergic agonist (epinephrine)

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11
Q

Proventil

A

Albuterol
Used for rescue inhalers
Beta adrenergic agonist

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12
Q

Xanthine derivatives (xanthine)

A

Non selective
Plant alkaloids
Slow onset of action
Prevention and symptomatic treatment of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

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13
Q

Action of xanthine

A

Directly stimulates respiratory center (tells it to breath)
Smooth muscle relaxation
Inhibition of chemical mediators that cause allergic reactions
Increase HR and force of cardiac contractions= increase blood flow to kidneys= diuretic effect

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14
Q

Are xanthines used for rescue

A

No, it has a slow onset and it doesn’t directly affect bronchioles

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15
Q

Contraindications of xanthines

A

Uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias

Seizure disorders

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16
Q

Is caffeine a xanthine derivative

A

Yes

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17
Q

Side effects of xanthines

A

Minor GI

Cardiac= tachycardia, palpitations, ventricular dysrhythmias

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18
Q

Interactions of xanthines

A

A lot of them

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19
Q

Theo-dur

A

Xanthine derivative

Theophylline

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20
Q

What do anticholinergics do to bronchials

A

They block acetylcholine so there is no bronchial constriction

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21
Q

Atrovent (ipratropium bromide)

A

Anticholinergic

Can be given by inhaler or nebulizer

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22
Q

Combivent

A

Duoneb
Combination on albuterol and ipratropium bromide
Beta agonist and anticholinergic

23
Q

Anti-inflammatory respiratory agent

A

Suppress inflammatory causes of respiratory diseases

24
Are corticosteroids used for short term or long term
Long term management. For maintenance only not rescue
25
Why are corticosteroids used for respiratory illnesses
For their anti-inflammatory response
26
How are corticosteroids administered
Inhalation
27
Indications for corticosteroids
Treatment of bronchospastic disorders to control inflammatory response
28
What are corticosteroids used concurrently with
Bronchodilators
29
Side effects of corticosteroids
Pharyngeal irritation Coughing Dry mouth Oral fungal infections
30
Why are inhalers better
They don't have as many side effects
31
Examples of corticosteroids for respiratory issues
``` Flovent Vanderbilt Pulmicort Azmacort Advair ```
32
Advair discus system
Combo corticosteroid and beta 2 agonist
33
Antileukotrienes actions
Blocks synthesis of leukotrienes | Blocks leukotriene receptors
34
What do leukotrienes do
Cause inflammation, bronchi constriction, and mucus production
35
What causes the release of leukotrienes
Immune system
36
Side effects of antileukotrienes
Dyspepsia, nausea, headache, dizziness, Could lead to liver failure
37
Singulair
Example of antileukotriene
38
Antileukotrienes are administered _____ and are used for _____
Orally | Long term use only (not rescue)
39
Mast cell stabilizers actions
Prevent the release of chemical mediators including histamine, that cause inflammation and bronchi constriction
40
Are mast cell stabilizers direct or no direct bronchodilators
No direct
41
Indications for mast cell stabilizers
Exercise induced asthma Symptomatic prevention of seasonal allergic rhinitis Relieve allergic eye disorder Treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (Chron's)
42
Side effects of mast cell stabilizers
Minor respiratory (cough, sore throat, rhinitis, bronchospasm)
43
Nasalcrom (cromolyn) Intal
Mast cell stabilizer Inhaled 80 minute half life
44
How often might cromolyn need to be used
4-6 times a day
45
What should you do after using an inhaler
Rinse your mouth
46
What should you incourage For a patient using an inhaler
FLUIDS
47
It is okay for saliva and sputum to be what color
Pink after inhaler use
48
If a patient is using multiple inhalers what should you tell them
Use bronchodilator and wait 20-30 minutes then take steroid
49
How quickly should improvements occur with albuterol
15 minutes | If not follow up with physician
50
How do you determine the volume of medication left in inhaler
Drop inhaler into water (without mouthpiece)
51
If it drops to bottom and lies on side it is
Full
52
If it drops to bottom and bottom of inhaler points up it is
3/4 full
53
Lands in water with 1/4 of bottom expose it is
1/2 full
54
If inhaler floats on top it is
Nearly empty
55
Herb: eucalyptus
Used in cold remedies | Opens upper airways
56
Flonase (fluticasone propionate)
Corticoid

Pharm Test 3 (5 decks)

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