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Pharm Test 3 > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

0
Q

What can cause hyperproduction of HCl

A

Large, fatty meals
Excessive alcohol
Emotional stress

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1
Q

What are indications of gastrointestinal agents

A

Hyperproduction of gastric acid

Peptic ulcer disease
Gastroesophageal reflux
Indigestion

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2
Q

What do acid controlling agents do

A

Neutralize acid/ controls acid

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3
Q

Mechanism of action of antacids

A

Neutralize HCl
Reduce pepsin activity
Depending on does it could be systemic

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4
Q

Side effects of antacids are rare but what do appear sometimes

A

Magnesium: caution with renal failure
Aluminum & calcium: constipation
Calcium: rebound hyperacidity

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5
Q

There are many drug interactions with antacids, how should you administer them

A

1/2 hour before giving other drugs or 1 hour after giving other drugs

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6
Q

What are the 4 drug interactions with antacids

A

Adsorption of other drugs to antacids
Chemical inactivation of other drugs
Increased stomach pH (becomes more basic)
Increased urinary pH

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7
Q

Are antacid agents OTC or prescription

A

OTC

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8
Q

Milk of magnesia

A

Antacid agent

Contraindicated with renal failure patients

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9
Q

Amphogel

A

Antacid agent
Aluminum containing
Best with renal patients

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10
Q

Tums

A

Antacid agent

Calcium containing

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11
Q

Maalox and mylanta

A

Antacid agent

Combination of aluminum and magnesium

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12
Q

Histamine 2 receptor blockers

A

Acid controllers

Most popular drug for treatment of ulcers

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13
Q

Mechanism of action for histamine 2 receptor blockers

A

Prevent acid reflux

Block histamine receptors in stomach

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14
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A

Histamine 2 receptor blocker agent

Bid, po

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15
Q

Rantidine (Zantac)

A

Histamine 2 receptor blocker agent

Bid, po/iv

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16
Q

Why would someone with an allergic reaction get H1, H2, and glucocorticoids

A

H1: decreases histamine in periphery
H2: decreases histamine production
Glucocorticoid: reduce immune system response

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17
Q

PPI- proton pump inhibitor

A

Acid controller

First line therapy for GERD ( gastroesophageal reflux disease)

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18
Q

Mechanism of action for PPI’s

A

Suppress gastric secretion

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19
Q

Are PPI’s safe

A

Yes, for short term therapy

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20
Q

Why might PPI’s predispose GI infections

A

You need acid in your intestines to help with infections

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21
Q

Interactions with PPI’s

A

Valium
Coumadin
Dilantin

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22
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

PPI agent

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23
Q

Esomeprazole. (Nexium)

A

PPI agent

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24
Q

Pantoprazole (Protonix)

A

PPI agent

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25
Q

Sulcralfate (carafate)

A 
Acid controller 
Mucosal protective drug 
Doesn't neutralize acid, protects it 
Nonabsorbable 
Given before meals
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26
Q

What is vomiting stimulated by

A 
Dopamine
Histamine
Acetylcholine 
Serotonin 
Prostaglandins
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27
Q

Scopolamine

A

Antiemetic agent

Anticholinergic (for drying)

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28
Q

Why would you use antihistamine agents for antiemetic

A

H1 blockers for drying

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29
Q

Why use neuroleptic agents for antiemetic

A

Stop the chemoreceptors in the brain

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30
Q

Why use prokinetic agents for antiemetic

A

Moves things through stomach faster

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31
Q

Serotonin blockers

A

Antiemetic
Can dissolve under tongue
No drowsiness

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32
Q

Tetrahydrocannabinoids

A

Antiemetic

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33
Q

Side effects of antiemetics

A

Drying of things
Fatigue
Blurry vision

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34
Q

Emetics

A

Very rarely used
Used to induce vomiting if toxic substances are ingested
Call poison control first

35
Q

Ipecac (syrup of ipecac)

A

Emetic

36
Q

You can give charcoal if _____ is contraindicated

A

Emesis

37
Q

Mechanism of action of anti-spasmodically

A

Smooth muscle relaxant
Reduces GI motility
Mostly anticholinergics

38
Q

What is happening when GI is having spasms

A

Peristalsis is going very fast and moving things through intestines very fast

39
Q

Indications of anti-spasmodics

A

Treat functional disturbances of GI tract
Adjunct to treat peptic ulcer disease and IBS
infantile colic (stomach spasm causes crying)
GI tract spasms

40
Q

Side effects of anti-spasmodics

A

Dry mouth

Constipation

41
Q

Bentyl (dicyclomine)

A

Anti cholinergic

Anti-spasmodics

42
Q

How do people get anti-gas medications

A

OTC

43
Q

Simethicone (anti gas)

A

Changes surface tension of gas bubbles

Allows easier elimination of gas

44
Q

What are simethicone used for

A

Gastric bloating
Post-op gas pain
Infantile colic

45
Q

Examples of simethicone

A

Mylanta gas
Gas-x
Mylicon
Mylicon drops

46
Q

Beano (anti gas)

A

Food enzyme which helps with the digestion of carbs preventing gas

47
Q

When should you take beano

A

Before meals

48
Q

Why does diarrhea dehydrate more than vomiting

A

You loose more electrolytes (potassium) and water

49
Q

Opiate related agents

A

Anti diarrheal agent

Decreases intestinal motility

50
Q

Side effects of opiate related agents

A

N&v
Drowsiness
Abdominal distension

51
Q

Paralytic ileus

A

No movement in GI system

52
Q

Prolonged use of opiate related agents

A 
Tachycardia
Paralytic ileus
Urinary retention 
Decreased secretions 
Dependence (due to opioids)
53
Q

Diphenoxylate (lomotil)

A

Opiate related agents (anti diarrheal agents)

Anti cholinergic

54
Q

Loperamide (Imodium)

A

Opiate related agents

55
Q

Adsorbents (anti diarrheal agent)

A

Coat GI wall and absorb bacteria and toxins

56
Q

Pepto-bismol

A

Adsorbent

57
Q

Anti cholinergic (anti diarrheal agent)

A

Slow GI tract motility

Use in caution with glaucoma

58
Q

Donnatol

A

Anticholinergic

Anti diarrheal agent

59
Q

Intestinal flora modifier

A

Herbal
Anti diarrheal
Regulates bowel

60
Q

Lactobacillus acidophilus

A

Intestinal flora modifier

Acid producing bacteria (good bacteria)
Dietary supplement

61
Q

When should you avoid laxatives

A

If intestinal obstruction, severe abdominal pain, or symptoms of abdominal infections

62
Q

Bulk-forming laxatives

A

For constipation
Natural fiber that pulls fluid from everywhere
Works in 8-24 hours
Used in Crohns and diverticulosis

ADEQUATE FLUIDS

63
Q

Metamucil

A

OTC

Bulk-forming laxative

64
Q

Emollient (surfactants)

A

Smooth moving

Moves through bowels easier

65
Q

What do emollients do

A

Stool softener and lubricator

Decreases strain during defecation

66
Q

What patients in particularly are emollients good for

A

Cardiac/ hypertension
Post op abdominal patients

It allows them not to strain

67
Q

Colace (docusate sodium)

A

Emollient

Constipation

68
Q

Hyperosmotic laxatives and saline cathartics

A

Osmotic effects moves water From plasma to intestines (softening stools) and stimulating peristalsis by pressure from water content of stools

69
Q

Side effects of hyperosmotic laxatives and saline cathartics

A

Hypotension
Weakness
Electrolyte imbalances
N/V/D

70
Q

Hyperosmotics (for constipation)

A

Used for bowel prep (cleanse immediately)
Must have good renal function
Watch electrolytes

71
Q

Saline cathartics

For constipation

A

Consists of magnesium and sodium salts

72
Q

Stimulant laxatives

A

Most likely to cause cramps
Increases peristalsis by irritating sensory nerve endings
Works in 6-12 hours

73
Q

Why would stimulant laxatives cause abdominal cramping

A

You are stimulating peristalsis

74
Q

Adverse effects of stimulant laxatives

A

Hypokalemia

Dependence: when you stop using these, your bowel forgets how to use peristalsis on its own (common in long term use)

75
Q

Dulcolax

A

Stimulant laxatives for constipation

76
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

A

Chronic intestinal discomfort

Cramps, diarrhea, constipation

77
Q

How do most people treat their IBS

A

With OTC meds

78
Q

Zelnorm

A

IBS agent

79
Q

Herb: peppermint

A

Used for nausea

80
Q

Herb: Ginger

A

Used for nausea

81
Q

Dramamine

A

Antihistamine agent for antiemetic

82
Q

Phenergan

A

Antihistamine agent for antiemetic

83
Q

Reglan

A

Prokinetic agent for antiemetic

84
Q

Zofran

A

Serotonin blocker for antiemetic

Pharm Test 3 (5 decks)

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