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Pharm Test 3 > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

0
Q

What can cause hyperproduction of HCl

A

Large, fatty meals
Excessive alcohol
Emotional stress

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1
Q

What are indications of gastrointestinal agents

A

Hyperproduction of gastric acid

Peptic ulcer disease
Gastroesophageal reflux
Indigestion

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2
Q

What do acid controlling agents do

A

Neutralize acid/ controls acid

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3
Q

Mechanism of action of antacids

A

Neutralize HCl
Reduce pepsin activity
Depending on does it could be systemic

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4
Q

Side effects of antacids are rare but what do appear sometimes

A

Magnesium: caution with renal failure
Aluminum & calcium: constipation
Calcium: rebound hyperacidity

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5
Q

There are many drug interactions with antacids, how should you administer them

A

1/2 hour before giving other drugs or 1 hour after giving other drugs

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6
Q

What are the 4 drug interactions with antacids

A

Adsorption of other drugs to antacids
Chemical inactivation of other drugs
Increased stomach pH (becomes more basic)
Increased urinary pH

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7
Q

Are antacid agents OTC or prescription

A

OTC

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8
Q

Milk of magnesia

A

Antacid agent

Contraindicated with renal failure patients

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9
Q

Amphogel

A

Antacid agent
Aluminum containing
Best with renal patients

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10
Q

Tums

A

Antacid agent

Calcium containing

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11
Q

Maalox and mylanta

A

Antacid agent

Combination of aluminum and magnesium

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12
Q

Histamine 2 receptor blockers

A

Acid controllers

Most popular drug for treatment of ulcers

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13
Q

Mechanism of action for histamine 2 receptor blockers

A

Prevent acid reflux

Block histamine receptors in stomach

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14
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A

Histamine 2 receptor blocker agent

Bid, po

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15
Q

Rantidine (Zantac)

A

Histamine 2 receptor blocker agent

Bid, po/iv

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16
Q

Why would someone with an allergic reaction get H1, H2, and glucocorticoids

A

H1: decreases histamine in periphery
H2: decreases histamine production
Glucocorticoid: reduce immune system response

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17
Q

PPI- proton pump inhibitor

A

Acid controller

First line therapy for GERD ( gastroesophageal reflux disease)

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18
Q

Mechanism of action for PPI’s

A

Suppress gastric secretion

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19
Q

Are PPI’s safe

A

Yes, for short term therapy

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20
Q

Why might PPI’s predispose GI infections

A

You need acid in your intestines to help with infections

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21
Q

Interactions with PPI’s

A

Valium
Coumadin
Dilantin

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22
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

PPI agent

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23
Q

Esomeprazole. (Nexium)

A

PPI agent

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24
Pantoprazole (Protonix)
PPI agent
25
Sulcralfate (carafate)
``` Acid controller Mucosal protective drug Doesn't neutralize acid, protects it Nonabsorbable Given before meals ```
26
What is vomiting stimulated by
``` Dopamine Histamine Acetylcholine Serotonin Prostaglandins ```
27
Scopolamine
Antiemetic agent | Anticholinergic (for drying)
28
Why would you use antihistamine agents for antiemetic
H1 blockers for drying
29
Why use neuroleptic agents for antiemetic
Stop the chemoreceptors in the brain
30
Why use prokinetic agents for antiemetic
Moves things through stomach faster
31
Serotonin blockers
Antiemetic Can dissolve under tongue No drowsiness
32
Tetrahydrocannabinoids
Antiemetic
33
Side effects of antiemetics
Drying of things Fatigue Blurry vision
34
Emetics
Very rarely used Used to induce vomiting if toxic substances are ingested Call poison control first
35
Ipecac (syrup of ipecac)
Emetic
36
You can give charcoal if _____ is contraindicated
Emesis
37
Mechanism of action of anti-spasmodically
Smooth muscle relaxant Reduces GI motility Mostly anticholinergics
38
What is happening when GI is having spasms
Peristalsis is going very fast and moving things through intestines very fast
39
Indications of anti-spasmodics
Treat functional disturbances of GI tract Adjunct to treat peptic ulcer disease and IBS infantile colic (stomach spasm causes crying) GI tract spasms
40
Side effects of anti-spasmodics
Dry mouth | Constipation
41
Bentyl (dicyclomine)
Anti cholinergic | Anti-spasmodics
42
How do people get anti-gas medications
OTC
43
Simethicone (anti gas)
Changes surface tension of gas bubbles Allows easier elimination of gas
44
What are simethicone used for
Gastric bloating Post-op gas pain Infantile colic
45
Examples of simethicone
Mylanta gas Gas-x Mylicon Mylicon drops
46
Beano (anti gas)
Food enzyme which helps with the digestion of carbs preventing gas
47
When should you take beano
Before meals
48
Why does diarrhea dehydrate more than vomiting
You loose more electrolytes (potassium) and water
49
Opiate related agents
Anti diarrheal agent | Decreases intestinal motility
50
Side effects of opiate related agents
N&v Drowsiness Abdominal distension
51
Paralytic ileus
No movement in GI system
52
Prolonged use of opiate related agents
``` Tachycardia Paralytic ileus Urinary retention Decreased secretions Dependence (due to opioids) ```
53
Diphenoxylate (lomotil)
Opiate related agents (anti diarrheal agents) | Anti cholinergic
54
Loperamide (Imodium)
Opiate related agents
55
Adsorbents (anti diarrheal agent)
Coat GI wall and absorb bacteria and toxins
56
Pepto-bismol
Adsorbent
57
Anti cholinergic (anti diarrheal agent)
Slow GI tract motility | Use in caution with glaucoma
58
Donnatol
Anticholinergic | Anti diarrheal agent
59
Intestinal flora modifier
Herbal Anti diarrheal Regulates bowel
60
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Intestinal flora modifier Acid producing bacteria (good bacteria) Dietary supplement
61
When should you avoid laxatives
If intestinal obstruction, severe abdominal pain, or symptoms of abdominal infections
62
Bulk-forming laxatives
For constipation Natural fiber that pulls fluid from everywhere Works in 8-24 hours Used in Crohns and diverticulosis ADEQUATE FLUIDS
63
Metamucil
OTC | Bulk-forming laxative
64
Emollient (surfactants)
Smooth moving | Moves through bowels easier
65
What do emollients do
Stool softener and lubricator | Decreases strain during defecation
66
What patients in particularly are emollients good for
Cardiac/ hypertension Post op abdominal patients It allows them not to strain
67
Colace (docusate sodium)
Emollient | Constipation
68
Hyperosmotic laxatives and saline cathartics
Osmotic effects moves water From plasma to intestines (softening stools) and stimulating peristalsis by pressure from water content of stools
69
Side effects of hyperosmotic laxatives and saline cathartics
Hypotension Weakness Electrolyte imbalances N/V/D
70
Hyperosmotics (for constipation)
Used for bowel prep (cleanse immediately) Must have good renal function Watch electrolytes
71
Saline cathartics | For constipation
Consists of magnesium and sodium salts
72
Stimulant laxatives
Most likely to cause cramps Increases peristalsis by irritating sensory nerve endings Works in 6-12 hours
73
Why would stimulant laxatives cause abdominal cramping
You are stimulating peristalsis
74
Adverse effects of stimulant laxatives
Hypokalemia Dependence: when you stop using these, your bowel forgets how to use peristalsis on its own (common in long term use)
75
Dulcolax
Stimulant laxatives for constipation
76
Irritable bowel syndrome
Chronic intestinal discomfort Cramps, diarrhea, constipation
77
How do most people treat their IBS
With OTC meds
78
Zelnorm
IBS agent
79
Herb: peppermint
Used for nausea
80
Herb: Ginger
Used for nausea
81
Dramamine
Antihistamine agent for antiemetic
82
Phenergan
Antihistamine agent for antiemetic
83
Reglan
Prokinetic agent for antiemetic
84
Zofran
Serotonin blocker for antiemetic

Pharm Test 3 (5 decks)

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