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Pharm Test 3 > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

0
Q

Centrally acting alpha 2 receptor agonist

A

Works in brain

Tells hypothalamus and adrenals to not release norepinephrine so htn goes down

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1
Q

Adrenergic agents for hypertension

A

4 categories

Modify function of SNS

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2
Q

Catapress (clonidine)

A

Alpha 2 blocker
Works very fast
Decreases sympathetic flow

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3
Q

Peripherally acting alpha 1 receptor blockers

A

Dilates arteries and veins

Decrease bp

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4
Q

Cardura (doxazosin)

A

Peripherally alpha 1 blocker

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5
Q

Peripherally acting beta receptor blocker

A

Reduce heart rate
Reduce vasoconstriction
Decreases bp

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6
Q

Metoprolol

Propanolol

A

Beta blocker

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7
Q

Peripherally acting dual alpha and beta blockers

A

Reduce heart rate

Peripheral vasodilation

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8
Q

Labetalol

Carvedilol (Coreg)

A

Dual alpha and beta blockers

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9
Q

Side effects of alpha 1 blockers, beta blockers, and dual alpha and beta blockers

A

Hypotension

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10
Q

Calcium channel blockers with hypertension

A

Dilate peripherally vessels by slowing down calcium pump

Slow calcium movement into muscles preventing constriction and slowing heart rate

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11
Q

Nifedipine
Amlodipine
Cardizem

A

Calcium channel blockers for hypertension

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12
Q

Ace

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme

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13
Q

What does ace do

A

Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II which vasoconstricts

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14
Q

Ace inhibitor

A

Blocks angiotensin I from converting into angiotensin II

thus prevents vasoconstriction

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15
Q

What does angiotensin II do other than vasoconstriction

A

Secretes aldosterone and aldosterone helps retain sodium and water

16
Q

What makes ace inhibitors unique

A

One of their side effects is dry, non-productive cough

17
Q

Captopril
Lisinopril
Enalapril
Quinapril

A

Ace inhibitors

18
Q

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

A

Block binding of angiotensin II to receptors

Block vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone

19
Q

Losartan
Valsartan
Irbesartan
Candesartan

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

20
Q

How are ace inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers different

A

Ace inhibitors decrease amount of angiotensin II produced

Arb blocks binding site of angiotensin II

21
Q

Vasodilators

A

Work directly on arteriolar smooth muscle to cause relaxation

Works very quickly and usually in emergent situations, given iv

22
Q

What should you do when administering Vasodilators

A

Monitor patient often for hypotension

23
Q

Nephron

A

Cell in kidney that does everything

24
Q

Diuretics

A

Decrease plasma and extra cellular fluid volumes = decreased preload = decreased cardiac output and total peripheral resistance

25
Q

Osmotic diuretics

A

Works with pressure and draws water from places

Produces rapid diuresis

26
Q

What are osmotic diuretics used for

A

Prevent kidney damage during acute renal failure
Reducing intracranial pressure and cerebral edema (reduces fluids around the brain)
Reduce intraocukar pressure

27
Q

Side effects of osmotic diuretics

A

Significant due to flushing of fluids

28
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic

29
Q

Loop diuretics

A

Very potent and used for rapid diuresis

Called LOOP because it works at the loop of henle

30
Q

Mechanism of action of loop diuretics

A

Dilates blood vessels to kidneys so they are more effective

In loop of henle: blocks chloride then secondarily sodium sodium resorption gets blocked

Reduces preload

31
Q

Benefits of loop diuretics

A 
Decrease bp 
Decrease pulmonary vascular resistance 
Decrease systemic vascular resistance 
Decreases central venous pressure 
Decreases left ventricular end diastolic pressure 
ALL DUE TO VOLUME
32
Q

Thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics HCTZ

A

Work at distal convoluted tubules
Inhibits sodium, potassium, and chloride resorption= diuresis
Relax of arteries= decrease in pre & after load= decrease bp

33
Q

Potassium- sparing diuretics

A

Interfere with NA K exchange
Blocks aldosterone receptors
Blocks resorption of sodium and water
Used in combination with thiazides

34
Q

Potassium

A

Electrolyte
Oral or IV
iv potassium burns

35
Q

K-dur
K lyte
Klor con

A

Oral potassium agents

36
Q

Spironolactone

A

Potassium sparing diuretics

37
Q

Lasix

A

Loop diuretic

Pharm Test 3 (5 decks)

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