Hypertension

Question 0

Centrally acting alpha 2 receptor agonist

Answer 0

Works in brain

Tells hypothalamus and adrenals to not release norepinephrine so htn goes down

Question 1

Adrenergic agents for hypertension

Answer 1

4 categories

Modify function of SNS

Question 2

Catapress (clonidine)

Answer 2

Alpha 2 blocker
Works very fast
Decreases sympathetic flow

Question 3

Peripherally acting alpha 1 receptor blockers

Answer 3

Dilates arteries and veins

Decrease bp

Question 4

Cardura (doxazosin)

Answer 4

Peripherally alpha 1 blocker

Question 5

Peripherally acting beta receptor blocker

Answer 5

Reduce heart rate
Reduce vasoconstriction
Decreases bp

Question 6

Metoprolol

Propanolol

Answer 6

Beta blocker

Question 7

Peripherally acting dual alpha and beta blockers

Answer 7

Reduce heart rate

Peripheral vasodilation

Question 8

Labetalol

Carvedilol (Coreg)

Answer 8

Dual alpha and beta blockers

Question 9

Side effects of alpha 1 blockers, beta blockers, and dual alpha and beta blockers

Answer 9

Hypotension

Question 10

Calcium channel blockers with hypertension

Answer 10

Dilate peripherally vessels by slowing down calcium pump

Slow calcium movement into muscles preventing constriction and slowing heart rate

Question 11

Nifedipine
Amlodipine
Cardizem

Answer 11

Calcium channel blockers for hypertension

Question 12

Ace

Answer 12

Angiotensin converting enzyme

Question 13

What does ace do

Answer 13

Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II which vasoconstricts

Question 14

Ace inhibitor

Answer 14

Blocks angiotensin I from converting into angiotensin II

thus prevents vasoconstriction

Question 15

What does angiotensin II do other than vasoconstriction

Answer 15

Secretes aldosterone and aldosterone helps retain sodium and water

Question 16

What makes ace inhibitors unique

Answer 16

One of their side effects is dry, non-productive cough

Question 17

Captopril
Lisinopril
Enalapril
Quinapril

Answer 17

Ace inhibitors

Question 18

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Answer 18

Block binding of angiotensin II to receptors

Block vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone

Question 19

Losartan
Valsartan
Irbesartan
Candesartan

Answer 19

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Question 20

How are ace inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers different

Answer 20

Ace inhibitors decrease amount of angiotensin II produced

Arb blocks binding site of angiotensin II

Question 21

Vasodilators

Answer 21

Work directly on arteriolar smooth muscle to cause relaxation

Works very quickly and usually in emergent situations, given iv

Question 22

What should you do when administering Vasodilators

Answer 22

Monitor patient often for hypotension

Question 23

Nephron

Answer 23

Cell in kidney that does everything

Question 24

Diuretics

Answer 24

Decrease plasma and extra cellular fluid volumes = decreased preload = decreased cardiac output and total peripheral resistance

Question 25

Osmotic diuretics

Answer 25

Works with pressure and draws water from places Produces rapid diuresis

Question 26

What are osmotic diuretics used for

Answer 26

Prevent kidney damage during acute renal failure Reducing intracranial pressure and cerebral edema (reduces fluids around the brain) Reduce intraocukar pressure

Question 27

Side effects of osmotic diuretics

Answer 27

Significant due to flushing of fluids

Question 28

Mannitol

Answer 28

Osmotic diuretic

Question 29

Loop diuretics

Answer 29

Very potent and used for rapid diuresis Called LOOP because it works at the loop of henle

Question 30

Mechanism of action of loop diuretics

Answer 30

Dilates blood vessels to kidneys so they are more effective In loop of henle: blocks chloride then secondarily sodium sodium resorption gets blocked Reduces preload

Question 31

Benefits of loop diuretics

Answer 31

``` Decrease bp Decrease pulmonary vascular resistance Decrease systemic vascular resistance Decreases central venous pressure Decreases left ventricular end diastolic pressure ALL DUE TO VOLUME ```

Question 32

Thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics HCTZ

Answer 32

Work at distal convoluted tubules Inhibits sodium, potassium, and chloride resorption= diuresis Relax of arteries= decrease in pre & after load= decrease bp

Question 33

Potassium- sparing diuretics

Answer 33

Interfere with NA K exchange Blocks aldosterone receptors Blocks resorption of sodium and water Used in combination with thiazides

Question 34

Potassium

Answer 34

Electrolyte Oral or IV iv potassium burns

Question 35

K-dur K lyte Klor con

Answer 35

Oral potassium agents

Question 36

Spironolactone

Answer 36

Potassium sparing diuretics

Question 37

Lasix

Answer 37

Loop diuretic