Angina And Heart Failure Flashcards

0
Q

Unstable angina

A

Pain increases

Early stages of progressive CAD

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1
Q

Chronic or stable angina

A

Exacerbated by nicotine, alcohol, caffeine

Subsides within 15 minutes of rest or drug

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2
Q

Nitrates

A

Helps chest pain because it vasodilates

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3
Q

Mechanism of action of nitrates

A

Dilates blood vessels

Dilates everything close to heart not just coronary arteries

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4
Q

Indications of nitrates

A

Acute episode of angina

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5
Q

Contraindications of nitrates

A

Hypotension (systolic is less than 90)
Glaucoma
Severe head injury
Erectile dysfunction

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6
Q

Why is severe head injury a contraindication to nitrates

A

It will vasodilate head and let too much blood in the brain

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7
Q

Side effects of nitrates

A

Hypotension

Headache

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8
Q

Considerations with nitrates

A

Angina pt gets 3 doses of nitrate 5 minutes apart

Have an IV in, in case patient gets dehydrated

Check BP

Assess and reassess bp before giving other doses

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9
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Nitrate agent
Fast acting
Sublingual, iv, topical, spray

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10
Q

Isordil

A

Nitrate agent

Long acting

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11
Q

What to know when applying topical nitrates

A

Wear gloves
Take off old patch and wipe it off
Place new patch elsewhere

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12
Q

When does nitroglycerin lose potency

A

Within 6 months

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13
Q

Beta blockers with angina

A

Not approved fortis use but has some anti-anginal

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14
Q

Benefits of beta blockers with angina

A

Decreases heart rate

Decreases myocardial contractility

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15
Q

Contraindications of beta blockers in angina patients

A

Bronchial asthma

16
Q

Metoprolol

A

Beta blocker

Used in angina

17
Q

Propanolol

A

Beta blocker with angina

18
Q

Calcium channel blockers in angina patients

A

Slowing down calcium= slowing down contractions

19
Q

Mechanism of action with calcium channel blockers in angina patients

A

Reduced myocardial contractility

Arterial dilation

20
Q

Cardizem

A

Calcium channel blocker for angina patients

21
Q

Procardia

A

Calcium channel blocker for angina patients

22
Q

Ionotropes

A

Strengths the beat
Slows heart rate

Used for heart failure

23
Q

Cardiac glycosides

A

Oldest and most effective group of drugs for heart failure

24
Q

Two primary functions of cardiac glycosides

A

Beneficial effects in the failing heart

Controls the ventricular response to A.fib

25
Q

Indications of cardiac glycosides

A

Heart failure

Dysrhythmias

26
Q

Mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides

A

Increase in myocardial contractility (muscles work good and strong with each other)

27
Q

Why does each beat count when using cardiac glycosides

A

They slow the heart rate down and every beat has to be very strong (increased myocardial contractility)

28
Q

Positive effects of cardiac glycosides

A

Increase in force of myocardial contraction
Reduces heart rate
Increase stroke volume

29
Q

Contraindications of cardiac glycosides

A

2nd or 3rd degree heart block

30
Q

Side effects of cardiac glycosides

A

Narrow therapeutic index

Bradycardia

31
Q

Digoxin (cardiac glycosides)

A

PO used once a day

Lots of drug interactions

32
Q

Nursing implications for cardiac glycosides

A

Monitor apical pulse 1 minute before administering and take blood pressure

33
Q

Digibind

A

Antidote for digoxin

34
Q

Why use diuretics for heart failure

A

Decreases preload