lower limb muscles Flashcards
pririformis : function, origin and insertion
function: laterally rotates the extended femur at the hip joint and abducts flexed femur at hip joint.
origin: anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacram foramina
insertion: medial side of the superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur
obturator internus : function, origin and insertion
function: laterally rotates the extended femur at the hip joint
origin: anterolateral wall of true pelvis; deep surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
insertion: medial side of greater trochanter of femur
gemellus superior : function, origin and insertion
function: laterally rotates extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint
origin: external surface of ischial plane
insertion: along length of superior surface of obturator internus tendon and into medial side of greater trochanter of femur with obturator internus tendon.
gemellus inferior : function, origin and insertion
function: laterally rotates extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint
quadratus femoris : function, origin and insertion
function: laterally rotates femur at hip joint
origin: lateral of ischium just anterior to ischial tuberosity
insertion: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur
gluteus minimus
function: abducts femur at hip joint; medially rotates thigh
gluteus medius
function: abducts femur at hip joint and medially rotates thigh
gluteus maximus
function: extensor of femur at hip joint. laterally rotates and abducts thigh
origin: posterior ilium, lower sacrum (dorsal), (ETC)
insertion: posterior of iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur
tensor fasciae latae
function: stabilizes knee in extension
origin: lateral aspect of crest of ilium between the ASIS and the tubercle of the crest
insertion: iliotibial tract of fascia lata
psoas major: function, origin and insertion
function: flexes the thigh at the hip joint
origin: posterior abdominal wall ( lumbar transverse processes)
insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
- goes in the space b/w inguinal ligament and pelvis
illiacus: function, origin and insertion
function: flexes thigh at hip joint
origin: posterior abdominal wall (iliac fossa)
insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
- goes in the space b/w inguinal ligament and pelvis
vastus medialis : function, origin and insertion
function: extends leg at the knee joint
origin: femur - medial part of intertrochanteric line, pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon and medial border of patella
vastus intermedius : function, origin and insertion
function : extends the leg at the knee joint
origin: upper two thirds of anterior and lateral surfaces on femur
insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon, lateral margin of patella and the lateral condyle of the tibia
vastus lateralis: : function, origin and insertion
function: extends the leg at the knee joint
origin: lateral of intertrochanter line /margin of greater trochanter, lateral of gluteal tuberosity and lateral lip of linea aspera
insertion: quadricep femoris tendon and lateral patella
rectus femoris: function, origin and insertion
function: flexes thigh at the hip joint and extends leg at knee joint
origin: straight head from AIIS , reflected head from ilium just superior to acetabulum
insertion
sartorius: function, origin and insertion
function: flexes thigh at hip and flexes leg at knee joint
origin: ASIS
insertion: medial surface of tibia just inferomedial to tibial tuberosity
Gracilis: function, origin and insertion
function: adducts thigh at hip joint and flexes leg at knee joint
origin: a line on external surfaces of the body of the pubix, the inferior pubic ramus, and the ramus of the ischium
insertion: medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia
pectineus: function, origin and insertion
function: adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint
origin: pectineal line and adjacent bone of pubis
insertion: oblique line extending from base of lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior surface of proximal femur
adductor longus: function, origin and insertion
function: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
origin: on pubis, inferior to pubic crest
insertion: linea aspera on middle one third of shaft of femur
adductor brevis: function, origin and insertion
function: addicts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
origin: body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus
insertion: posterior surface of proximal femur and upper one third of linea aspera
adductor magnus: function, origin and insertion
function: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
origin: adductor part - ischiopubic ramus. hamstring part - ischial tuberosity
insertion: adductor part - posterior part of femur, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
hamstring part - adductor tubercle and supracondylar line
obturator externus : function, origin and insertion
function: laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
origin: external surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone
insertion: trochanteric fossa
biceps femoris: function, origin and insertion
function: flexes leg at knee joint, extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates leg at knee joint.
origin: long head - inferomedial part of upper area of ischial tuberosity. short head - lateral lip of linea aspera
insertion: head of tibia
semitendinosus : function, origin and insertion
function: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint. medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint
origin: inferomedial part of upper area of ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial surface of proximal tibia
semimembranosus : function, origin and insertion
function: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint. medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint
origin: superolateral impression on the ischial tuberosity
insertion: groove and adjacent bone on medial and posterior surface of medial tibial condyle
gastrocnemius : function, origin and insertion
SUPERFICIAL GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.)
function: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
origin: medial head - posterior on distal femur, just superior to medial condyle. lateral head - upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
insertion: via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus
plantaris : function, origin and insertion
SUPERFICIAL GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.)
function: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
origin: inferior part of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament of knee
insertion: via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus
soleus : function, origin and insertion
SUPERFICIAL GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.)
function: plantarflexes the foot
origin: soleal line and medial border of tibia. posterior of fibular head
insertion: via calcneal tendon to posterior surface of calcaneus
popliteus: function, origin and insertion
DEEP GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.)
function: stabilizes knee joint
origin: lateral femoral condyle
insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibia
flexor hallucis longus : function, origin and insertion
DEEP GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.)
function: flexes great toe
origin: posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane
insertion: plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe
flexor digitorum longus : function, origin and insertion
DEEP GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.)
function: flexes lateral four toes
origin: medial side of posterior surface of the tibia
insertion: plantar surfaces of bases of distal phalanges of the lateral four toes
tibialis posterior: function, origin and insertion
DEEP GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.)
function: inversion and plantaflexion of foot, support of medial arch and foot during walking
origin: posterior surfaces of interosseous membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and fibula
insertion: mainly to tuberosity of navicular and adjacent region of medial cuneiform
fibularis longus: function, origin and insertion
LATERAL OF LOWER LEG
function: eversion and plantarflexion of foot. supports arches of foot.
origin: upper lateral surface of fibula , head of fibula
insertion: undersurface of lateral side of distal end of medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I
fibularis brevis: function, origin and insertion
LATERAL OF LOWER LEG
function: eversion of food
origin: lower two thirds of lateral surface of shaft of fibula
insertion: lateral tubercle at base of metatarsal V
tibialis anterior: function, origin and insertion
anterior lower leg
function: dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint, inversion of foot. support of medial arch of foot
origin: lateral of tibia and interosseous membrane
insertion: medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and adjacent surfaces on base of metatarsal I
extensor hallucis longus: function, origin and insertion
anterior lower leg
function: extension of great ttoe and dorsiflexion of foot
origin: middle one half of medial surface of fibula and adjavent surface of interosseous membrane
insertion: dorsal of base of distal phalanx of great toe
extensor digitorum longus: function, origin and insertion
anterior lower leg
function: extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of foot
origin: proximal one half of medial of fibula and lateral of tibial condyle
insertion: dorsal digital expansions into bases of distal and middle phalanges of lateral four toes
fibularis tertius: function, origin and insertion
anterior lower leg
function: dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
origin: distal of medial surface of fibula
insertion: dorsomedial surface of base of metatarsal V
extensor digitorum brevis : function only
dorsal (TOP of foot)
extension of toes II to IV (on foot only)
extensor hallucis brevis: function only
dorsal (TOP of foot)
extends metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe. (calcaneus to big toe)
adductor hallucis: function only
sole of foot- first layer
abducts and flexes great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
(muscle part is on foot)
flexor digitorum brevis: function only
sole of foot- first layer
flexes lateral four toes at proximal interphalangeal joint
abductor digiti minimi: function only
sole of foot first layer
abducts little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
quadratus plantae function only
second layer sole of foot
assists flexor digitorum longus tendon in flexing toes II to IV
lumbricals function only
flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint and extension of interphalangeal joints
II-V
flexor hallucis brevis: function only
third layer of muscles in the sole of foot
flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe
adductor hallucis: function only
third layer of muscles in sole of foot
adducts great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
flexor digiti minimi brevis: function only
third layer of muscles in sole of foot
flexes little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
dorsal interossei: function only
fourth layer sole of foot
abducts toes II to IV at metatarsophalangeal joints. resists extension of metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of interphalangeal joints.
plantar interossei: function only
fourth layer sole of foot
adducts toes III to V at metatarsophalangeal joints. resists extension of metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of interphalangeal joints.
