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3rd year > Lower Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two superficial veins in the leg?

A

Great Saphenous

Small Saphenous

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2
Q

Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?

A

Great SV

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3
Q

Where does the Small SV empty into?

A

Popliteal vein

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4
Q

What is the arrangement of the lymph nodes in the lower limbs?

A
  1. Superficial inguinal.
  2. Deep inguinal.
  3. Popliteal lymph nodes.
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5
Q

Where do the lymphatic vessels accompanying the Great SV end?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes.

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6
Q

Where do the lymphatic vessels accompanying the Small SV enter?

A

Popliteal lymph nodes.

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7
Q

Dermatomes of the lower limb:

L1 - S5?

A 
L1 - groin area
L2 - upper thigh 
L3 - medial knee 
L4 - bit of front and bit of back of calf. 
L5 - Shin and big toe and 2 toes next 
S1 - Little 2 toes and heel.
S2 - Back of leg up to bum.
S3 - Bum Cheek
S4 - Around bum hole
S5 - Smaller around bum hole.
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8
Q

What are the 3 main ligaments in the hip joint?

A
  1. Iliofemoral - strongest ligament. Attaches the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur.
  2. Pubofemoral
  3. ischiofemoral
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9
Q

What does the iliofemoral ligament do?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip joint.

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10
Q

What does the pubofemoral ligament do?

A

Prevents hyper abduction of the hip joint.

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11
Q

What does the ischiofemoral ligament do?

A

Prevents excess extension.

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12
Q

What are the hip flexor muscles?

A 
Iliacus 
Psoas major 
Pectineus
Sartoneus
Adductor longus
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13
Q

What are the hip extensor muscles?

A 
Gluteus Maximus - main one. 
Biceps femoris 
Semitendinosus 
Semimembraneous 
Hamstirng 
Post part of Adductor magnus
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14
Q
  1. What do they adductor muscles do?

2. Name them:

A
  1. Adduct the thigh at the hip joint.
  2. Adductor longus
    Adductor brevis
    Adductor Magnus
    Gracilis
    Obturator externus
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15
Q

What nerve supplies the adductor compartment?

A

Generally the obturator nerve - exits the pelvis via obturator canal - passes through the obturator foramen.

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16
Q

What is the most superficial and largest muscle of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus

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17
Q

What are the abductors of the hip joint?

What are they essential for?

A

Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus

Essential for a normal walking gait.

18
Q

Which muscles are the medial rotators of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae.

19
Q
  1. What is the quadricep femoris?

2. What are the 4 heads of it?

A
  1. Four headed muscle which forms the main bulk of the anterior thigh region.
  2. Rectus femoris (stabilises hip)
    Vastus medialis
    Vastus lateralis
    Vastus intermedius (under rectus femoris)
20
Q

Which nerve innervates quadricep femoris muscle?

A

Femoral (L2,3,4)

21
Q

What is the Sartorius muscle?

What innervates it?

A

Long ribbon like muscle that is most superficial muscle in ant thigh. Acts on both the hip and knee joints.

Femoral nerve

22
Q

What are the 3 actions of the Sartorius muscle on the hip joint?

A

Flexion
Laterally rotates the thigh at hip joint.
Abduction
Flexes leg at knee joint.

23
Q

Medial thigh (adductor) muscles, what are they?

A 
Adductor Brevis 
Gracilis muscle 
Obturator externus muscle 
Adductor longus 
Adductor magnus
24
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial thigh? What bony faramen does this nerve enter through?

A

Obturator nerve

Obturator foramen.

25
Q

What is the femoral artery a continuation of?
When does it change name?
Where does it enter the thigh?

A
  1. External iliac artery.
  2. After passing inguinal ligament.
  3. Midway between ant. superior iliac spine and symphysis pubis.
26
Q

Which branch of the femoral artery passes post towards hamstring?

A

Deep artery of thigh.

27
Q

The femoral vein is a continuation of what?

A

Popliteal vein.

28
Q

The femoral vein passes under inguinal ligament to become?

A

External iliac vein.

29
Q

Which 2 veins drain into the femoral triangle (triangular depression below inguinal ligament?

A

Profunda femoris vein,

Great saphenous vein.

30
Q

What muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve?

A

Psoas major
Pectinueus
Iliacus
Quadratus femoris

31
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial - adductor longus muscle

Laterally - Sartorius muscle

32
Q

What structure forms the base of the Fem triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

33
Q

What are the 3 major structures of the femoral triangle?

A
  1. Femoral nerve
  2. Femoral Artery
  3. Femoral Vein
34
Q

What is the femoral sheath?

A

Funnel shaped fascial tube surrounding proximal parts of femoral vessels (not nerve).

35
Q

Femoral sheath contents?

A

Lateral - artery
Intermediate - vein
Medial - femoral canal ( Lymphatic vessels)

36
Q

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vactus medialis.

37
Q

What are the 2 major nerves of the lumbar plexus (Psoas major on post wall) ?

A 
Femoral nerve (ant thigh)
Obturator nerve (medial thigh)
38
Q

Lumbar plexus - which nerve roots?

A

T12-L4

39
Q

What are the root values of the 2 major nerves of lumbar plexus?

A

L2,3,4

40
Q

What muscle is the chief flexor of the thigh?

A

Psoas major

41
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the hip?

A 
Gluteus minimus 
Piriformis 
Obturator internus 
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris
42
Q

What is the action of the quadriceps?

A

Parts are hip flexors but the majority are knee extensors.

3rd year (22 decks)

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