Lower Limb

Question 1

Muscles of the Gluteal Region

Answer 1

Abductors and Rotators of the Thigh)
) include

the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor of fascia lata, piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemelli, and quadratus femoris.

Question 2

Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

Answer 2

Flexors of the Hip Joint and Extensors of the Knee Joint)
nclude the pectineus, psoas major, psoas minor,

iliacus, sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.

Question 3

Muscles of the Medial Compartment of the Thigh

Answer 3

Adductors of the Thigh) include the adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, and obturator externus.

Question 4

Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh

Answer 4

Extensors of the Hip Joint and Flexors of the Knee Joint) include the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and

biceps femoris.

Question 5

Muscles of the Anterior and Lateral Compartments of the Leg

Answer 5

include the

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius, fibularis longus, and fibularis brevis.

Question 6

. Muscles of the Foot

Answer 6

Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi; second layer: Quadratus plantae and lumbricales; third layer: Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, and flexor digiti minimi brevis; fourth layer: Plantar interossei and dorsal interossei; and dorsum of the foot: Extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis.

Question 7

Medial malleolus: order of tendons, artery, nerve behind it

Answer 7

I “Tom, Dick, And Nervous Harry”:
From anterior to posterior: Tibialis Digitorum Artery Nerve Hallicus
Full names for these are: Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Posterior Tibial Artery, Posterior Tibial Nerve, Flexor Hallicus Longus.

Question 8

Muscles of the Posterior leg layers and innervation

Answer 8

include the
gastrocnemius+soleus(tricep surae) plantaris->superficial layer
Innervated by tibial nerve
popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior—> deep layer.innervated by deep fibular nerve
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Question 9

Foot muscles and layers mnemonic

Answer 9

1—Abs flex abs —>abductor hallucis,fDb,fdm(minimi)
2—Quadratus lamborum—>quadratus plantae ,4 lumbricals
3—-Flex add flex(opposite of 1st)—>fhb,Ah,,fdm
4—4DAB and 3 PAD
4 Dorsal interossei: ABduct MTP joint
3 Plantar interossei: ADduct MTP joint
2 tendons of extrinsic muscles: Peroneus longus and Tibialis posterior

Question 10

Femoral artery branches

Answer 10

Put my leg down please
Profunda brachi
Medial circumflex femoral artery
Lateral circumflex femoral artery
Descensing branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery
Perforforating branches of profundi brachi

Question 11

From where they branch out and what are positions
Superior gluteal artery
Inferior gluteal artery
Obturator artery

Answer 11

Sga is a branch if internal ilac arteryenters buttock region via gr8r sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle
IGA is a part of internal iliac arteryenters buttock region via grtr sciatic foramen below piriformis
Obturator artery is the continuation of internal iliac artery give muscular branch to adductors of thigh and is artery of ligamentum teres

Question 12

Ligaments of knee joint

Answer 12

• patellar ligament- knee jerk reflex-from patella to anterior tibia
• Tibial collateral ligament-prevents abduction-attaches tibia with medial condyle- injury can be recognized by abnormal passive abducted displacement of the tibia in extended position
• Fibular collateral ligament-prevents adduction-attaches fibula to lateral condyle
• Anterior cruciate ligament-prevents anterior movement -attached tibia to lateral condyle-tear can be recognized by abnormal passive anterior displacement of the tibia
• Posterior cruciate ligament-prevents posterior movement-attaches posterior tibia to medial condyle-injury can be recognized by abnormal passive posterior displacement of the tibia

Question 13

What are the actions of
Tricep surae
Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Why flexion of big toe causes flexion of 2nd and 3rd toe

Answer 13

Tricep surae(G+S)—> strongest supinators
Popliteus-> stabilize knee joint+internal rotation of knee joint
Tp—> plantar flexion + supination(inversion)
+flexion of toes
FHL—> plantar flexion+supination+flexion of big toe
Because FDL and FHL cross each other

Question 14

Foot bones

Answer 14

Tiger cub needs MILC

Talus calcaneus navicular medial cuneiform intermediate cuneiform lateral cuneiform and cuboid bone

Question 15

Ankle ligaments

Answer 15

Medial (Deltoid) Ligament extends from the medial malleolus of the tibia to the talus, navicular, and calcaneus bones. The medial ligament consists of the anterior tibiotalar ligament, posterior tibiotalar ligament, tibionavicular ligament, and tibiocalcaneal ligament.
2. Lateral Ligament extends from the lateral malleolus of the fibula to the talus and calcaneus bones. The lateral ligament consists of the anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament, and calcaneofibular ligament.

Question 16

Structures anterior and posterior to medial malleolus

Answer 16

Anterior relationships include the saphenous nerve and great saphenous vein

2. Posterior relationships include the flexor hallucis longus tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon, tibial posterior tendon, posterior tibial artery, and tibial nerve.

Question 17

Which muscle attaches to tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

Answer 17

Fibularis brevis