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GSSE anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Ilioinguinal Nerve supply

A

Root of penis
Anterior 1/3rd of scrotum
Small area of thigh below medial end of inguinal lig

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2
Q

Ilioiguinal origin and course

A

L1, lies in NV plane b/w Int oblique + Transversus Abdominis m
Piereces IO and supplies lower fibres
Emerges on front of cord through superficial inguinal ring
Pierces external spermatic fascia

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3
Q

Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve Origin & supply

A

L1 of L1,2
Supplies skin over femoral triangle

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4
Q

Medial femoral cutaneous nerve supply and origin

A

Off femoral N, supplies medial side of thigh to knee

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5
Q

Intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve origin and supply

A

Branch of femoral
Supplies front of thigh to knee

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6
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve origin and supply

A

Branch of lumbar plexus
Supplies anteriolateral surface of thigh

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7
Q

4 cutaneous branches of femoral artery (below inguinal lig)

A

Superficial circumflex
Superficial epigastric
Superficial external pudendal
Deep external pudendal

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8
Q

Great saphenous vein course

A

Continuation of medial marginal vein of foot
Passes in front of medial malleolus
Crosses medial surface of tibia
Lies hands breath behind medial border of patella
Spiral forward around thigh to pass through cribiform fascia covering sapheous opening

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9
Q

Superficial inguinal LN = lateral group receives

A

Lymph from buttock, flank and back below waist

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10
Q

Superficial inguinal LN = medial group receives

A

Lymph from umbilicus, anterior abdo wall, ext genitalia, lower anal canal, perineum, uterus around round lig

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11
Q

superficial inguinal LN = Distal group receives

A

Drainage from lower limb

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12
Q

TFL nerve supply

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4,5,S1)

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13
Q

Action of TFL

A

Assist ITB, stabilise pelvis

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14
Q

Femoral triangle borders

A

Lateral - medial border of sartorius
Medial - medial border of add. Longus
Superior - inguinal lig
Roof - skin, fascia
Floor - iliacus, psoas, pectineus, adductor longus

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14
Q

Contents of femoral triangle

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Femoral N and branches
Femoral sheath & contents
Femoral A and branches
Femoral Vein
Great saphenous V + tributaries

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15
Q

Sartorius origin and insertion

A

ASIS to medial part of tibia with gracilis & semitendinosus

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16
Q

Sartorius nerve supply

A

Ant div of femoral N L2-4

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17
Q

Iliacus origin and insert

A

Iliac fossa = lesser trochanter

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18
Q

Iliacus nerve supply

A

Femoral N L2,3

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19
Q

Psoas major origin & insertion

A

Lumbar spinal transverse processes => lesser trochanter

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20
Q

Psoas major nerve supply

A

First 3 lumbar nerves (mainly L2)

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21
Q

Pectineus origin and insertion

A

pectineal lines of pubis to vertical line below trochanter

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22
Q

Nerve supply of pectineus

A

Ant div of femoral N (L2,3)
Occasional twig from obturator N

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23
Q

Anterior relations to pectineus

A

Femoral V and canal

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24
Posterior relations of pectineus
Add brevis Anterior div of obturator N
25
Femoral sheath components
Femoral A, vein & canal
26
Fascia that make femoral sheath
Transversalis & iliopsoas fascia
27
Boundaries of femoral ring
Ant = inguinal lig Posterior = pectineal lig Medial = lacunar lig Lateral = femoral V
28
Profunda femoris origin
Off femoral A as it emerges from femoral sheath
29
Branches of profunda femoris
4 perforating arteries Lateral circumflex femoral A MEdial circumflex femoral A
30
Perforating femoral A origin & what do they supply
Originate from profunda femoris Supply adductor & hamstrings
31
Lateral circumflex A supply
Ascending, transverse, descending branch to vastas lateralis, intermedius, and anastomose with cruciates
32
Medial circumflex femoral A supply
Ascending branch - to trochanteric anastomosis Horizontal branch - to cruciate anastomosis
33
Femoral V tributaries
Profunda femoris correspondence Great saphenous V
34
Femoral N origin
Post div of anterior rami of L2-4
35
Femoral N supply
Supplies extensor compartment of thigh iliacus Pectineus Sartorius Rectus femoris N to vastus medialis, lateralis Saphenous nerve
36
Quadriceps femoris components & nerve
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis Femoral N
37
Rectus femoris origin
2 heads from ilium - reflected head, groove above acetabulum - straight head from AIIS
38
Insertion of quadriceps femoris
All form quad tendon => patella => patella tendon => tibial tuberosity
39
Origin vastus lateralis
Upper intertrochanteric line GT Lateral lip of linea aspera
40
Origin vastus intermedius
Anterior & lateral surfaces of upper 2/3rds of femoral shaft
41
Origin vastus medialis
Intertrochanteric line & medial lip of linea aspera
42
Adductor canal contents
Femoral A, V Saphenous N Nerve to vastus medialis
43
Adductor canal boundaries
Gutter shaped groove b/w vastus medialis & adductor muscles Roof - sartorius Floor - adductor longus & magnus
44
Where does the femoral A lie in the adductor canal
B/w femoral N and saphenous N
45
Muscles of medial compartment of thigh
Gracilis Add. Brevis, longus, magnus Obturator externus
46
Nerve of medial compartment of thigh
Obturator
47
Artery of medial compartment of thigh
Profunda femoris & obturator A
48
Gracilis origin & insertion
Inferior ramus of pubis Medial surface of tibia behind sartorius
49
Gracilis nerve supply
Ant div of obturator
50
Adductor longus origin & insertion
Body of pubis -> middle 1/3rd of linea aspera
51
Nerve supply add. Longus
Ant div of obturator
52
Adductor brevis origin & insertion
Body and inf ramus of pubic bone (deep to pectineus & longus) -> Upper part of linea aspera
53
Nerve of adductor brevis
Ant div of obturator N
54
Adductor magnus origin & insertion
Hamstring part - ischial tuberosity => adductor tubercle of femur Adductor part - ischiopubic ramus => medial supracondylar line, linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity
55
Nerve supply to add magnus
Post div of obturator N tibial part of sciatic N
56
Nerve supply obt. Externus
Post div of obturator N
56
Obturator externus origin & insert
Obturator membrane & anterior bony margin of obturator foramen => trochanteric fossa
57
Action of obturator externus
Stabilise hip, lower limb & lateral rotation of femur
58
Anterior div of obturator nerve supplies
Hip joint Add longus, brevis Gracilis Subsartorial plexus
59
Posterior div of obturator externus
Supplies obturator externus Add magnus
60
Gluteal muscles
Glut max, med, min Piriformis Sup + inf gemellus Obturator internus Quadratus femoris
61
What forms the greater sciatic foramen
Greater sciatic notch, sacrotuberous & sacrospinous lig
62
Gluteus maximus origin & insert
Gluteal surface of ilium, behind post gluteal line, lumbar fascia, lateral mass of sacrum & sacrotuberous lig => gluteal tuberosity & ITB
63
Nerve supply of glut max
Inferior gluteal nerve (ONLY muscle supplied by this nerve) L5,S1,S2
64
Function of glut max
Lateral rotator, hip extensor
65
Gluteus medius origin & insert
Arise from gluteal surface of ilium b/w mid & post gluteal lines Insert into lateral surface of GT
66
Glut medius nerve supply
Sup gluteal N L4,5,S1
67
Function of gluteal medius
Abduct hip joint, anterior fibres medially rotate
68
Gluteus minimus origin and insert
Gluteal surface of ilium, b/w middle & inferior gluteal lines Insert edge to edge with glut medius on lateral surface of GT
69
Nerve supply of glut min
Sup gluteal N L4,5,S1
70
Piriformis origin & insert
Middle 3 pieces of sacrum => through greater sciatic foramen onto superior aspect of GT
71
Piriformis nerve supply
Anterior rami S1,2
72
Function of piriformis
Stabilise hip, lateral rotate thigh and abduct of flexed thigh
73
Obturator internus origin & insert
Internal surface of lateral wall of pelvis => medial surface of GT above trochanteric fossa
74
Nerve supply to obturator internus
Nerve to obturator internus L5,S1,2
75
Gemelli origin & insertion
Superior from spine of ischium Inferior from ischial tuberosity Insert into medial surface of GT
76
Nerve supply of superior gemelli
Nerve to obturator internus
77
Nerve supply ot inferior gemelli
Nerve to quadratus femoris
78
Quadratus femoris origin & insertion
Arise from ischial tuberosity => quadrate tubercle of femur
79
Nerve supply of quadratus femoris
N to quadratus femoris, l4,5,s1
80
Function of quadratus femoris
Stabilise hip joint, lateral rotator of extended thigh & abductor of the flexed thigh
81
Greater sciatic foramen components
Superior gluteal N and vessels Piriformis Sciatic N Inferior gluteal N and vessels Femoral cutaneous N Internal pudendal nerve Pudendal nerve Nerve to obturator internus Nerve to quadratus femoris
82
What is the main source of blood to head of femur
Via trochanteric anastomosis Descending branch of sup gluteal A Ascending branch of lateral circumflex femoral A Ascending branch of medial circumflex femoral A Inferior gluteal A
83
Cuatneous supply of posterior compartment of thigh
Posterior femoral cutaneous N
84
Muscles of posterior compartment of thigh
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris
85
Nerve supply of posterior aspect of thigh
All by tibial component of sciatic N (L5,S1) except SH of biceps (common peroneal N part of sciatic N)
86
Origin & insertion of semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity => medial condyle of tibia, deep to MCL (separated by bursa)
87
Origin & insert of semitendinosus
Arise from medial part of ischial tuberosity => behind gracilis into upper part of tibial surface
88
Biceps femoris origin & insertions
LH from ischial tuberosity SH from linea aspera and upper part of lateral supracondylar line of femur Insert into head of fibula
89
Blood supply of posterior compartment of thigh
Profunda femoris A and perforating branches Upper part = inferior gluteal A Lower part = popliteal A
90
Popliteal fossa boundaries
Upper diamond = biceps femoris (lat), semimembranosus & semitendinosus (medial) Lower diamond = gastrocnemius medial, lateral heads Roof = fascia lata, pierced by small saphenous V & post femoral cut nerve Floor = popliteal surface of femur, capsule of knee joint, oblique popliteal lig & popliteus m
91
Contents of popliteal fossa
Popliteal A (deep) Popliteal V Tibial N Common peroneal N (lateral) Popliteal LN
92
Common peroneal nerve branches
Sural communicating nerve Lateral (sural) cutaneous nerve of the calf Superior genicular nerve Inferior genicular nerve Recurrent genicular nerve
93
Tibial nerve major branch
Sural nerve
94
Sural nerve origin & supplies ..
Tibial N Supplies the posterior aspect of the calf
95
Where does the popliteal A lie in relation to the tibial N in the popliteal fossa
It lies medial to tibial N in the fossa
96
What are the terminating branches of the popliteal A
Anterior tibial A Posterior tibial A Peroneal A
97
Muscular branches of Popliteal A
2 large sural A 5 genicular A
98
What are the genicular A that branch from popliteal A
Middle genicular - cruciates!! Superior lateral genicular A Superior medial genicular A Inferior lateral genicular A Inferior medial genicular A
99
What supplies the cruciate ligament (blood)
Middle genicular A
100
Action of popliteus
Unlocks the fully extended knee Laterally rotates the femur
101
102
Which femoral condyle is wider?
Lateral
103
Which meniscus is bigger
Medial
104
Is the popliteus tendon in or out of the synovial membrane
Outside the memebrane
105
Which muscles are in the extensor compartment of the leg
Tib Ant EHL EDL peroneus tertius
106
Which nerve supplies the extensor compartment of the leg
Deep peroneal N
107
What tendons lie deep to the extensor retinaculum (of the foot)
Tib Ant EHL EDL Peroneus tertius
108
Tib ant origin & insertion
Upper 2/3rd extensor surface of tibia & from interosseous membrane Insert - medial cuneiform & adjacent 1st metatarsal
109
Nerve supply of tib Ant
Deep peroneal N and recurrent genicular nerves (L4)
110
Origin & insert EHL
Middle 1/2 of fibular, insert into terminal phalanx of big toe
111
Nerve supply of EHL
Deep peroneal N
112
EDL origin and insert
Arise from upper 3/4 of fibular Inset into lateral 4 toes
113
Nerve supply EDL
Deep peroneal N
114
Peroneus tertius origin & insert
Lower 1/3rd of fibular Insert into dorsum of base of 5th MT bone
115
Deep peroneal nerve supplies…
Ant tib, EHL, eDL, Peroneus tertisu Small area of 1st web space
116
What supplies the skin (nerve) of the dorsum of hte foot
Superficial peroneal N
117
Extensor digitorum brevis origin & insert
Upper surface of calcaneus Dorsal extensor expansions
118
Nerve supply EDB
Deep peroneal nerve S1,2
119
Dorsalis pedis A origin
Anterior tibial A
120
Branches of dorsalis pedis A
Lateral tarsal A Arcuate A 1st dorsal metatarsal A
121
Lateral compartment of the leg muscles
Peroneus longus & brevis
122
Lateral compartment of the leg artery
Peroneal A
123
Lateral compartment of the leg nerve
Superficial peroneal N
124
What drains the lateral compartment of the leg
Small saphenous vein
125
Peroneus longus origin & insertion
Upper 2/3rd of peroneal surface of fibula & intermuscular septum Into lateral surface of medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal
126
Peroneus brevis origin & insert
Head & lower 2/3rd of fibular Insert into tubercle on 5th MTP
127
Posterior compartment of the leg muscles
Deep = popliteus, FDL, FHL, tib post Superficial - gastroc, soleus, plantaris
128
What nerve supplies skin to the calf
Upper half = posterior femoral cutaneous N Lower = sural & sural communicating N Medial = saphenous N
129
What accompanies the sural nerve (vein)
Short saphenous V
130
What is the nerve of post compartment Of leg
Tibial N
131
What is the artery of post compartment of leg
Post tibial A
132
Gastrocnemius origin & insertion
Lat head = lateral femoral condyle Med head = medial condyle + popliteal surface of shaft of femur Blends with soleus to insert into achilles tendon * middle 1/3rd post calcaneus
133
Plantaris origin & insertion
Lateral supracondylar line of femur Fuses with achilles
134
Soleus origin & insert
Upper 1/4 back of fibula to soleal line of tibia & middle 1/3rd of post border of tibia Insert into achilles tendon (1/3rd post calcaneus)
135
Nerve supply to gastroc
Tibial N
136
Nerve supply to soleus
Tibial N
137
FDL origin & insert
Post surface of tibia below soleal line Divides into 4 tendons Perforated FDB to insert into base of distal phalanx
138
Nerve supply FDL
Tibial N
139
Action of FDL
Plantar flex lateral 4 toes, and ankle
140
FHL origin & insert
Arise from flexor surface of fibula & interosseous membrane Insert into central tendon to base of distal phalanx of great toe
141
What crosses the FHL in the sole
FDL tendon
142
Nerv e to FHL
Tibial N
143
Fx of FHL
Flex great toe, ‘take off’
144
Tibialis posterior origin & insert
Interosseous membrane & adjoining surfaces of tibia and fibula Insert into tuberosity of navicular
145
Nerve of tib post
TibialN L4
146
Fx tibial post
Invert & adduct forefoot, contributes to maintaining the longitudinal arch
147
Tibial N branches int he foot
Medial & lateral plantar nerves Medial calcanean nerves
148
Post tibial A branches
Medial & lateral plantar A Peroneal A Circumflex fibular A Nutrient A to the tibia
149
What supplies skin on sole of foot
Medial & lateral plantar N *tibial N
150
What are the layers of the foot
1. Abductor hallucis, FBD, Abductor digiti minimi 2. lumbricals, FHL tendon, FDL tendon, flexor acessorius 3. Abductor hallucis brevis, flexor digitiminimi brevis, flexor hallucis brevis 4. interosseous muscles
151
components of layer 1 of sole
abductor hallucis abductor digiti minimi flexor digitorum brevis
152
components of 2nd layer of sole
lumbricals FHL tendon FDL tendon Flexor Accessorius
153
components of 3rd layer of sole
abductor hallucis brevis Flexor digiti minimi brevis flexor hallucis brevis
154
nerve supply to interosseous muscles of foot
lateral plantar nerve
155
what gives rise to deep plantar arch artery in foot
lateral plantar A
156
medial ligament of ankle
deltoid ligament
157
components of lateral ligament of ankle
anterior & posterior talofibular lig calcaneofibular lig post tibiofibular lig
158
what makes up the longitudinal arch medially
calcaneus talus navicular 3 cuneiforms metatarsal heads
159
what makes up the longitudinal arch laterally
calcaneus cuboid lateral 2 metatarsal bones
160
what makes up the transverse arch
bases of 5 metatarsal bones cuboid cuneiforms
161
ligamentous aspect of medial longitudinal Arch
plantar aponeurosis spring ligament FHL FDL
162
spring ligament origin & insert
sustentaculum tali => head of navicular bone
163
longitudinal arch of foot LATERAL ligament
plantar aponeurosis and ligaments peroneus longus
164
important ligament in transverse arch
peroneus longus
165
What attaches to iliac crest
Lat dorsi Quadratus lumborum internal oblique Transversus abdominis
166
What attaches to pubic crest
Rectus abdominis Pyramidalis
167
Body of pubis muscle attachments
Adductor longus Gracilis Adductor brevis Adductor magnus & obturator externus
168
What divides the greater & lesser sciatic notch
Spine of ischium & sacrospinus ligament
169
What originates from ischial tuberosity
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus LH of biceps
170
What attaches to greater trochanter
Piriformis Obturator internus Gemelli Glut med, min
171
What attaches to Lesser trochanter
Iliopsoas
172
Which aspect of patella is BROAD
Lateral surface
173

GSSE anatomy (8 decks)

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