Lower Limb Flashcards
Ilioinguinal Nerve supply
Root of penis
Anterior 1/3rd of scrotum
Small area of thigh below medial end of inguinal lig
Ilioiguinal origin and course
L1, lies in NV plane b/w Int oblique + Transversus Abdominis m
Piereces IO and supplies lower fibres
Emerges on front of cord through superficial inguinal ring
Pierces external spermatic fascia
Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve Origin & supply
L1 of L1,2
Supplies skin over femoral triangle
Medial femoral cutaneous nerve supply and origin
Off femoral N, supplies medial side of thigh to knee
Intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve origin and supply
Branch of femoral
Supplies front of thigh to knee
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve origin and supply
Branch of lumbar plexus
Supplies anteriolateral surface of thigh
4 cutaneous branches of femoral artery (below inguinal lig)
Superficial circumflex
Superficial epigastric
Superficial external pudendal
Deep external pudendal
Great saphenous vein course
Continuation of medial marginal vein of foot
Passes in front of medial malleolus
Crosses medial surface of tibia
Lies hands breath behind medial border of patella
Spiral forward around thigh to pass through cribiform fascia covering sapheous opening
Superficial inguinal LN = lateral group receives
Lymph from buttock, flank and back below waist
Superficial inguinal LN = medial group receives
Lymph from umbilicus, anterior abdo wall, ext genitalia, lower anal canal, perineum, uterus around round lig
superficial inguinal LN = Distal group receives
Drainage from lower limb
TFL nerve supply
Superior gluteal nerve (L4,5,S1)
Action of TFL
Assist ITB, stabilise pelvis
Femoral triangle borders
Lateral - medial border of sartorius
Medial - medial border of add. Longus
Superior - inguinal lig
Roof - skin, fascia
Floor - iliacus, psoas, pectineus, adductor longus
Contents of femoral triangle
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Femoral N and branches
Femoral sheath & contents
Femoral A and branches
Femoral Vein
Great saphenous V + tributaries
Sartorius origin and insertion
ASIS to medial part of tibia with gracilis & semitendinosus
Sartorius nerve supply
Ant div of femoral N L2-4
Iliacus origin and insert
Iliac fossa = lesser trochanter
Iliacus nerve supply
Femoral N L2,3
Psoas major origin & insertion
Lumbar spinal transverse processes => lesser trochanter
Psoas major nerve supply
First 3 lumbar nerves (mainly L2)
Pectineus origin and insertion
pectineal lines of pubis to vertical line below trochanter
Nerve supply of pectineus
Ant div of femoral N (L2,3)
Occasional twig from obturator N
Anterior relations to pectineus
Femoral V and canal
Posterior relations of pectineus
Add brevis
Anterior div of obturator N
Femoral sheath components
Femoral A, vein & canal
Fascia that make femoral sheath
Transversalis & iliopsoas fascia
Boundaries of femoral ring
Ant = inguinal lig
Posterior = pectineal lig
Medial = lacunar lig
Lateral = femoral V
Profunda femoris origin
Off femoral A as it emerges from femoral sheath
Branches of profunda femoris
4 perforating arteries
Lateral circumflex femoral A
MEdial circumflex femoral A
Perforating femoral A origin & what do they supply
Originate from profunda femoris
Supply adductor & hamstrings
Lateral circumflex A supply
Ascending, transverse, descending branch to vastas lateralis, intermedius, and anastomose with cruciates
Medial circumflex femoral A supply
Ascending branch - to trochanteric anastomosis
Horizontal branch - to cruciate anastomosis
Femoral V tributaries
Profunda femoris correspondence
Great saphenous V
Femoral N origin
Post div of anterior rami of L2-4
Femoral N supply
Supplies extensor compartment of thigh
iliacus
Pectineus
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
N to vastus medialis, lateralis
Saphenous nerve
Quadriceps femoris components & nerve
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Femoral N
Rectus femoris origin
2 heads from ilium
- reflected head, groove above acetabulum
- straight head from AIIS
Insertion of quadriceps femoris
All form quad tendon => patella => patella tendon => tibial tuberosity
Origin vastus lateralis
Upper intertrochanteric line
GT
Lateral lip of linea aspera
Origin vastus intermedius
Anterior & lateral surfaces of upper 2/3rds of femoral shaft
Origin vastus medialis
Intertrochanteric line & medial lip of linea aspera
Adductor canal contents
Femoral A, V
Saphenous N
Nerve to vastus medialis
Adductor canal boundaries
Gutter shaped groove b/w vastus medialis & adductor muscles
Roof - sartorius
Floor - adductor longus & magnus
Where does the femoral A lie in the adductor canal
B/w femoral N and saphenous N
Muscles of medial compartment of thigh
Gracilis
Add. Brevis, longus, magnus
Obturator externus
Nerve of medial compartment of thigh
Obturator
Artery of medial compartment of thigh
Profunda femoris & obturator A
Gracilis origin & insertion
Inferior ramus of pubis
Medial surface of tibia behind sartorius
Gracilis nerve supply
Ant div of obturator
Adductor longus origin & insertion
Body of pubis -> middle 1/3rd of linea aspera
Nerve supply add. Longus
Ant div of obturator
Adductor brevis origin & insertion
Body and inf ramus of pubic bone (deep to pectineus & longus) ->
Upper part of linea aspera
Nerve of adductor brevis
Ant div of obturator N
Adductor magnus origin & insertion
Hamstring part - ischial tuberosity => adductor tubercle of femur
Adductor part - ischiopubic ramus => medial supracondylar line, linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity
Nerve supply to add magnus
Post div of obturator N
tibial part of sciatic N
Nerve supply obt. Externus
Post div of obturator N
Obturator externus origin & insert
Obturator membrane & anterior bony margin of obturator foramen => trochanteric fossa
Action of obturator externus
Stabilise hip, lower limb & lateral rotation of femur
Anterior div of obturator nerve supplies
Hip joint
Add longus, brevis
Gracilis
Subsartorial plexus
Posterior div of obturator externus
Supplies obturator externus
Add magnus
Gluteal muscles
Glut max, med, min
Piriformis
Sup + inf gemellus
Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris
What forms the greater sciatic foramen
Greater sciatic notch, sacrotuberous & sacrospinous lig
Gluteus maximus origin & insert
Gluteal surface of ilium, behind post gluteal line, lumbar fascia, lateral mass of sacrum & sacrotuberous lig
=> gluteal tuberosity & ITB
Nerve supply of glut max
Inferior gluteal nerve (ONLY muscle supplied by this nerve) L5,S1,S2
Function of glut max
Lateral rotator, hip extensor
Gluteus medius origin & insert
Arise from gluteal surface of ilium b/w mid & post gluteal lines
Insert into lateral surface of GT
Glut medius nerve supply
Sup gluteal N L4,5,S1
Function of gluteal medius
Abduct hip joint, anterior fibres medially rotate
Gluteus minimus origin and insert
Gluteal surface of ilium, b/w middle & inferior gluteal lines
Insert edge to edge with glut medius on lateral surface of GT
Nerve supply of glut min
Sup gluteal N L4,5,S1
Piriformis origin & insert
Middle 3 pieces of sacrum => through greater sciatic foramen onto superior aspect of GT
Piriformis nerve supply
Anterior rami S1,2
Function of piriformis
Stabilise hip, lateral rotate thigh and abduct of flexed thigh
Obturator internus origin & insert
Internal surface of lateral wall of pelvis
=> medial surface of GT above trochanteric fossa
Nerve supply to obturator internus
Nerve to obturator internus L5,S1,2
Gemelli origin & insertion
Superior from spine of ischium
Inferior from ischial tuberosity
Insert into medial surface of GT
Nerve supply of superior gemelli
Nerve to obturator internus
Nerve supply ot inferior gemelli
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Quadratus femoris origin & insertion
Arise from ischial tuberosity => quadrate tubercle of femur
Nerve supply of quadratus femoris
N to quadratus femoris, l4,5,s1
Function of quadratus femoris
Stabilise hip joint, lateral rotator of extended thigh & abductor of the flexed thigh
Greater sciatic foramen components
Superior gluteal N and vessels
Piriformis
Sciatic N
Inferior gluteal N and vessels
Femoral cutaneous N
Internal pudendal nerve
Pudendal nerve
Nerve to obturator internus
Nerve to quadratus femoris
What is the main source of blood to head of femur
Via trochanteric anastomosis
Descending branch of sup gluteal A
Ascending branch of lateral circumflex femoral A
Ascending branch of medial circumflex femoral A
Inferior gluteal A
Cuatneous supply of posterior compartment of thigh
Posterior femoral cutaneous N
Muscles of posterior compartment of thigh
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Nerve supply of posterior aspect of thigh
All by tibial component of sciatic N (L5,S1) except SH of biceps (common peroneal N part of sciatic N)
Origin & insertion of semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity => medial condyle of tibia, deep to MCL (separated by bursa)
Origin & insert of semitendinosus
Arise from medial part of ischial tuberosity => behind gracilis into upper part of tibial surface
Biceps femoris origin & insertions
LH from ischial tuberosity
SH from linea aspera and upper part of lateral supracondylar line of femur
Insert into head of fibula
Blood supply of posterior compartment of thigh
Profunda femoris A and perforating branches
Upper part = inferior gluteal A
Lower part = popliteal A
Popliteal fossa boundaries
Upper diamond = biceps femoris (lat), semimembranosus & semitendinosus (medial)
Lower diamond = gastrocnemius medial, lateral heads
Roof = fascia lata, pierced by small saphenous V & post femoral cut nerve
Floor = popliteal surface of femur, capsule of knee joint, oblique popliteal lig & popliteus m
Contents of popliteal fossa
Popliteal A (deep)
Popliteal V
Tibial N
Common peroneal N (lateral)
Popliteal LN
Common peroneal nerve branches
Sural communicating nerve
Lateral (sural) cutaneous nerve of the calf
Superior genicular nerve
Inferior genicular nerve
Recurrent genicular nerve
Tibial nerve major branch
Sural nerve
Sural nerve origin & supplies ..
Tibial N
Supplies the posterior aspect of the calf
Where does the popliteal A lie in relation to the tibial N in the popliteal fossa
It lies medial to tibial N in the fossa
What are the terminating branches of the popliteal A
Anterior tibial A
Posterior tibial A
Peroneal A
Muscular branches of Popliteal A
2 large sural A
5 genicular A
What are the genicular A that branch from popliteal A
Middle genicular - cruciates!!
Superior lateral genicular A
Superior medial genicular A
Inferior lateral genicular A
Inferior medial genicular A
What supplies the cruciate ligament (blood)
Middle genicular A
Action of popliteus
Unlocks the fully extended knee
Laterally rotates the femur
Which femoral condyle is wider?
Lateral
Which meniscus is bigger
Medial
Is the popliteus tendon in or out of the synovial membrane
Outside the memebrane
Which muscles are in the extensor compartment of the leg
Tib Ant
EHL EDL
peroneus tertius
Which nerve supplies the extensor compartment of the leg
Deep peroneal N
What tendons lie deep to the extensor retinaculum (of the foot)
Tib Ant
EHL
EDL
Peroneus tertius
Tib ant origin & insertion
Upper 2/3rd extensor surface of tibia & from interosseous membrane
Insert - medial cuneiform & adjacent 1st metatarsal
Nerve supply of tib Ant
Deep peroneal N and recurrent genicular nerves (L4)
Origin & insert EHL
Middle 1/2 of fibular, insert into terminal phalanx of big toe
Nerve supply of EHL
Deep peroneal N
EDL origin and insert
Arise from upper 3/4 of fibular
Inset into lateral 4 toes
Nerve supply EDL
Deep peroneal N
Peroneus tertius origin & insert
Lower 1/3rd of fibular
Insert into dorsum of base of 5th MT bone
Deep peroneal nerve supplies…
Ant tib, EHL, eDL, Peroneus tertisu
Small area of 1st web space
What supplies the skin (nerve) of the dorsum of hte foot
Superficial peroneal N
Extensor digitorum brevis origin & insert
Upper surface of calcaneus
Dorsal extensor expansions
Nerve supply EDB
Deep peroneal nerve S1,2
Dorsalis pedis A origin
Anterior tibial A
Branches of dorsalis pedis A
Lateral tarsal A
Arcuate A
1st dorsal metatarsal A
Lateral compartment of the leg muscles
Peroneus longus & brevis
Lateral compartment of the leg artery
Peroneal A
Lateral compartment of the leg nerve
Superficial peroneal N
What drains the lateral compartment of the leg
Small saphenous vein
Peroneus longus origin & insertion
Upper 2/3rd of peroneal surface of fibula & intermuscular septum
Into lateral surface of medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal
Peroneus brevis origin & insert
Head & lower 2/3rd of fibular
Insert into tubercle on 5th MTP
Posterior compartment of the leg muscles
Deep = popliteus, FDL, FHL, tib post
Superficial - gastroc, soleus, plantaris
What nerve supplies skin to the calf
Upper half = posterior femoral cutaneous N
Lower = sural & sural communicating N
Medial = saphenous N
What accompanies the sural nerve (vein)
Short saphenous V
What is the nerve of post compartment Of leg
Tibial N
What is the artery of post compartment of leg
Post tibial A
Gastrocnemius origin & insertion
Lat head = lateral femoral condyle
Med head = medial condyle + popliteal surface of shaft of femur
Blends with soleus to insert into achilles tendon * middle 1/3rd post calcaneus
Plantaris origin & insertion
Lateral supracondylar line of femur
Fuses with achilles
Soleus origin & insert
Upper 1/4 back of fibula to soleal line of tibia & middle 1/3rd of post border of tibia
Insert into achilles tendon (1/3rd post calcaneus)
Nerve supply to gastroc
Tibial N
Nerve supply to soleus
Tibial N
FDL origin & insert
Post surface of tibia below soleal line
Divides into 4 tendons
Perforated FDB to insert into base of distal phalanx
Nerve supply FDL
Tibial N
Action of FDL
Plantar flex lateral 4 toes, and ankle
FHL origin & insert
Arise from flexor surface of fibula & interosseous membrane
Insert into central tendon to base of distal phalanx of great toe
What crosses the FHL in the sole
FDL tendon
Nerv e to FHL
Tibial N
Fx of FHL
Flex great toe, ‘take off’
Tibialis posterior origin & insert
Interosseous membrane & adjoining surfaces of tibia and fibula
Insert into tuberosity of navicular
Nerve of tib post
TibialN L4
Fx tibial post
Invert & adduct forefoot, contributes to maintaining the longitudinal arch
Tibial N branches int he foot
Medial & lateral plantar nerves
Medial calcanean nerves
Post tibial A branches
Medial & lateral plantar A
Peroneal A
Circumflex fibular A
Nutrient A to the tibia
What supplies skin on sole of foot
Medial & lateral plantar N *tibial N
What are the layers of the foot
- Abductor hallucis, FBD, Abductor digiti minimi
- lumbricals, FHL tendon, FDL tendon, flexor acessorius
- Abductor hallucis brevis, flexor digitiminimi brevis, flexor hallucis brevis
- interosseous muscles
components of layer 1 of sole
abductor hallucis
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digitorum brevis
components of 2nd layer of sole
lumbricals
FHL tendon
FDL tendon
Flexor Accessorius
components of 3rd layer of sole
abductor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
flexor hallucis brevis
nerve supply to interosseous muscles of foot
lateral plantar nerve
what gives rise to deep plantar arch artery in foot
lateral plantar A
medial ligament of ankle
deltoid ligament
components of lateral ligament of ankle
anterior & posterior talofibular lig
calcaneofibular lig
post tibiofibular lig
what makes up the longitudinal arch medially
calcaneus
talus
navicular
3 cuneiforms
metatarsal heads
what makes up the longitudinal arch laterally
calcaneus
cuboid
lateral 2 metatarsal bones
what makes up the transverse arch
bases of 5 metatarsal bones
cuboid
cuneiforms
ligamentous aspect of medial longitudinal Arch
plantar aponeurosis
spring ligament
FHL
FDL
spring ligament origin & insert
sustentaculum tali => head of navicular bone
longitudinal arch of foot LATERAL ligament
plantar aponeurosis and ligaments
peroneus longus
important ligament in transverse arch
peroneus longus
What attaches to iliac crest
Lat dorsi
Quadratus lumborum
internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
What attaches to pubic crest
Rectus abdominis
Pyramidalis
Body of pubis muscle attachments
Adductor longus
Gracilis
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus & obturator externus
What divides the greater & lesser sciatic notch
Spine of ischium & sacrospinus ligament
What originates from ischial tuberosity
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
LH of biceps
What attaches to greater trochanter
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Gemelli
Glut med, min
What attaches to Lesser trochanter
Iliopsoas
Which aspect of patella is BROAD
Lateral surface