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GSSE anatomy > Back & Spine > Flashcards

Back & Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 parts of the spine

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal

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2
Q

What are the primary curvatures

A

Part of the spine that maintain original fetal curve
Thoracic, sacral & coccygea

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3
Q

What are the secondary curve regions

A

Cervical
Lumbar

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4
Q

What hold the vertebral bodies together

A

IVD
Anterior & posterior longitudinal ligaments

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5
Q

What type of joint is between arches

A

Facet or zygapophyseal

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6
Q

What are the ligaments b/w arches

A

Ligamenta flava
Supraspinous lig
Interspinous lig
Intertransverse lig

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7
Q

What posteriorly binds the vertebral column

A

Laminae & ligamenta flava

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8
Q

What type of joint is the zygapophyseal joint

A

Synovial

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9
Q

What two surfaces are involved in zygaopophyseal joint

A

Superior articular process of one vertebra
Inferior articular process of anotehr

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10
Q

What do the zygapophysial joints function to protect against

A

Anterior shear forces
Excessive rotation
Flexion

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11
Q

What are luschka’s joints

A

Formed b./w unciate processes of C3-6
Allow flex & extension
Limit lateral flexion

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12
Q

What makes up the atlanto-occipital joint

A

Occipital condyle & concave facet on lateral mass of atlas

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13
Q

What nerve supplies atlanto-occipital joint

A

C1

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14
Q

What does the atlanto-occipital joint movements allow

A

Nodding & lateral flexion of the head

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15
Q

What movement is made possible at atlanto-axial joint

A

Rotation of head

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16
Q

What articulates in the median atlantoaxial joint

A

Dens with back of anterior arch of atlas (synovial)

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17
Q

What articulates in lateral atlantoaxial joint

A

B/w inferior articular facet of the atlas & superior articular facet of the axis

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18
Q

What blood supplies the vertebrae

A

Supplied segmentally by vertebral, ascending & deep cervical, posterior intercostal, lumbar & lateral sacral A

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19
Q

What drains the vertebra

A

Basivertebral veins into internal vertebral venous plexus

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20
Q

What are the layers of the extensor muscles of the spine

A

Deep - interspinales, intertransversales
Intermediate - semispinalis, multifudus, rotatores
Superficial - longissimus, iliocostalis, spinalis

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21
Q

What nerves supply the extensor muscles of the spine

A

Supplied segmentally by posterior rami of spinal nerves

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22
Q

What is the posterior most muscle of the neck

A

Splenius

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23
Q

What lies beneath splenius in the neck

A

Longissimus capitus
Semispinalis capitis

24
Q

What binds the suboccipital triangle

A

Rectus capitis posterior major
Superior & inferior oblique muscles

Floor: Posterior arch of atlas & posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Roof: semispinalis capitis & splenius capitis

25
What runs across floor of suboccipital triangle
Vertebral A
26
What emerges through the floor of suboccipital triangle
C1 suboccipital N
27
What runs across the roof of suboccipital triangle
Greater occipital N (C2) Occipital A
28
Where does greater occipital rise & and where does it run
post ramus C2 Emerges upwards across roof of suboccipital triangle Pierces & supplies semisplinalis capitis Extends up to supply skin of the scalp up to the vertex
29
What are the 4 muscles associated with suboccipital triangle
Rectus capitis posterior major & minor Inferior oblique Superior oblique
30
What is the route of vertebral A
Arise from subclavian A, enter deep to transverse process of C6, then travels through foramen til C1. At C1 travel across posterior arch of atlas before entering foramen magnum
31
How many parts of the vertebral A are there and what do they correlate to
Part 1 = pre foraminal Part 2 = foraminal part 3 = C2 to dura part 4 = intradural
32
Typical features of cervical vertebra
Kidney shaped body Small vertebral foramen Uncus Bifid spinous process Transverse foramen
33
What are the atypical cervical vertebra
Atlas Axis C7 (vertebra prominens)
34
Features of atlas
Lack of body 2 lateral processes/mass Long posterior arch is grooved by vertebral A No anterior/post tubercles Widest cervical vertebra Internal jugular crosses by the accessory nerve in front of transverse process
35
Axis features
Dens Transverse process Bifid process large Transverse foramen Laminae
36
C7 features
No bifid - rounded tubercle on the end Small transverse process, no vertebral A (contains posterior V) Small anterior tubercle
37
Typical features of thoracic vertebra
COSTAL FACETS Upper is larger & articulates with rib of same level Heart shaped Almost circular vertebral foramen Pedicles Spinous processes slope downwards Transverse processes project lateral & carry costal facets
38
Distinctive features of T1
Broad, not heart shaped body Ariculate with head of 1st rib Demifacet for 2nd rib at lower border of body Pedicle attaches below upper margin of bodyy
39
Lower thoracic vertebra features (T10-12)
Single costal facets on body
40
Features specific to lumbar vertebra
Kidney shaped body Triangle vertebral canal Shorter transverse process (variable) Spinous process is quadrangular Mamillary process on superior articular facet
41
Sacral features
5 short bones fused together Sacral promontory Ala of sacrum 4 anterior sacral foramina Median, intermediate & lateral sacral crests Sacral hiatus Sacral cornu Sacral canal
42
What is contained in sacral canal
Meninges that extend down to S3 then the tilum terminale pierce the dura runs down and blend with the perisoteum on back of coccyx
43
What makes the coccyx
4 fused bones
44
What separates the bodies form the meninges
Epidural space, which has the internal vertebral plexus
45
What are the boundaries of the vertebral canal
Ant - bodies of vertebra, IVD, post longitudinal lig Post - vertebral laminae, ligamenta flava Lateral - pedicles of the vertebra & intervertebral foramina
46
Where does the spinal dura travel to
S2
47
What is difference b/w filum terminale & cauda equina
Filum terminale is just pia mater Cauda equina has nerves
48
What is the fx of denticulate ligament
Connect side of spinal cord to dura
49
Where does conus medullaris end in adults vs birth
Adults = L1/2 Birth = L3
50
Blood supply to spinal cord
Anterior & L/R posterior spinal A
51
What forms the ant spinal A
Formed in foramen magnum from 2 anterior spinal branches of vertebral A
52
What are the radicular A
Highly important contributions to reinforce longitudinal tracts
53
What extremities contribute to gracile tract
Lower extremities
54
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GSSE anatomy (8 decks)

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