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GSSE anatomy > Back & Spine > Flashcards

Back & Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 parts of the spine

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal

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2
Q

What are the primary curvatures

A

Part of the spine that maintain original fetal curve
Thoracic, sacral & coccygea

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3
Q

What are the secondary curve regions

A

Cervical
Lumbar

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4
Q

What hold the vertebral bodies together

A

IVD
Anterior & posterior longitudinal ligaments

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5
Q

What type of joint is between arches

A

Facet or zygapophyseal

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6
Q

What are the ligaments b/w arches

A

Ligamenta flava
Supraspinous lig
Interspinous lig
Intertransverse lig

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7
Q

What posteriorly binds the vertebral column

A

Laminae & ligamenta flava

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8
Q

What type of joint is the zygapophyseal joint

A

Synovial

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9
Q

What two surfaces are involved in zygaopophyseal joint

A

Superior articular process of one vertebra
Inferior articular process of anotehr

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10
Q

What do the zygapophysial joints function to protect against

A

Anterior shear forces
Excessive rotation
Flexion

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11
Q

What are luschka’s joints

A

Formed b./w unciate processes of C3-6
Allow flex & extension
Limit lateral flexion

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12
Q

What makes up the atlanto-occipital joint

A

Occipital condyle & concave facet on lateral mass of atlas

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13
Q

What nerve supplies atlanto-occipital joint

A

C1

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14
Q

What does the atlanto-occipital joint movements allow

A

Nodding & lateral flexion of the head

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15
Q

What movement is made possible at atlanto-axial joint

A

Rotation of head

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16
Q

What articulates in the median atlantoaxial joint

A

Dens with back of anterior arch of atlas (synovial)

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17
Q

What articulates in lateral atlantoaxial joint

A

B/w inferior articular facet of the atlas & superior articular facet of the axis

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18
Q

What blood supplies the vertebrae

A

Supplied segmentally by vertebral, ascending & deep cervical, posterior intercostal, lumbar & lateral sacral A

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19
Q

What drains the vertebra

A

Basivertebral veins into internal vertebral venous plexus

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20
Q

What are the layers of the extensor muscles of the spine

A

Deep - interspinales, intertransversales
Intermediate - semispinalis, multifudus, rotatores
Superficial - longissimus, iliocostalis, spinalis

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21
Q

What nerves supply the extensor muscles of the spine

A

Supplied segmentally by posterior rami of spinal nerves

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22
Q

What is the posterior most muscle of the neck

A

Splenius

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23
Q

What lies beneath splenius in the neck

A

Longissimus capitus
Semispinalis capitis

24
Q

What binds the suboccipital triangle

A

Rectus capitis posterior major
Superior & inferior oblique muscles

Floor: Posterior arch of atlas & posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Roof: semispinalis capitis & splenius capitis

25
Q

What runs across floor of suboccipital triangle

A

Vertebral A

26
Q

What emerges through the floor of suboccipital triangle

A

C1 suboccipital N

27
Q

What runs across the roof of suboccipital triangle

A

Greater occipital N (C2)
Occipital A

28
Q

Where does greater occipital rise & and where does it run

A

post ramus C2
Emerges upwards across roof of suboccipital triangle
Pierces & supplies semisplinalis capitis
Extends up to supply skin of the scalp up to the vertex

29
Q

What are the 4 muscles associated with suboccipital triangle

A

Rectus capitis posterior major & minor
Inferior oblique
Superior oblique

30
Q

What is the route of vertebral A

A

Arise from subclavian A, enter deep to transverse process of C6, then travels through foramen til C1. At C1 travel across posterior arch of atlas before entering foramen magnum

31
Q

How many parts of the vertebral A are there and what do they correlate to

A

Part 1 = pre foraminal
Part 2 = foraminal
part 3 = C2 to dura
part 4 = intradural

32
Q

Typical features of cervical vertebra

A

Kidney shaped body
Small vertebral foramen
Uncus
Bifid spinous process
Transverse foramen

33
Q

What are the atypical cervical vertebra

A

Atlas
Axis
C7 (vertebra prominens)

34
Q

Features of atlas

A

Lack of body
2 lateral processes/mass
Long posterior arch is grooved by vertebral A
No anterior/post tubercles
Widest cervical vertebra
Internal jugular crosses by the accessory nerve in front of transverse process

35
Q

Axis features

A

Dens
Transverse process
Bifid process large
Transverse foramen
Laminae

36
Q

C7 features

A

No bifid - rounded tubercle on the end
Small transverse process, no vertebral A (contains posterior V)
Small anterior tubercle

37
Q

Typical features of thoracic vertebra

A

COSTAL FACETS
Upper is larger & articulates with rib of same level
Heart shaped
Almost circular vertebral foramen
Pedicles
Spinous processes slope downwards
Transverse processes project lateral & carry costal facets

38
Q

Distinctive features of T1

A

Broad, not heart shaped body
Ariculate with head of 1st rib
Demifacet for 2nd rib at lower border of body
Pedicle attaches below upper margin of bodyy

39
Q

Lower thoracic vertebra features (T10-12)

A

Single costal facets on body

40
Q

Features specific to lumbar vertebra

A

Kidney shaped body
Triangle vertebral canal
Shorter transverse process (variable)
Spinous process is quadrangular
Mamillary process on superior articular facet

41
Q

Sacral features

A

5 short bones fused together
Sacral promontory
Ala of sacrum
4 anterior sacral foramina
Median, intermediate & lateral sacral crests
Sacral hiatus
Sacral cornu
Sacral canal

42
Q

What is contained in sacral canal

A

Meninges that extend down to S3 then the tilum terminale pierce the dura runs down and blend with the perisoteum on back of coccyx

43
Q

What makes the coccyx

A

4 fused bones

44
Q

What separates the bodies form the meninges

A

Epidural space, which has the internal vertebral plexus

45
Q

What are the boundaries of the vertebral canal

A

Ant - bodies of vertebra, IVD, post longitudinal lig
Post - vertebral laminae, ligamenta flava

Lateral - pedicles of the vertebra & intervertebral foramina

46
Q

Where does the spinal dura travel to

A

S2

47
Q

What is difference b/w filum terminale & cauda equina

A

Filum terminale is just pia mater
Cauda equina has nerves

48
Q

What is the fx of denticulate ligament

A

Connect side of spinal cord to dura

49
Q

Where does conus medullaris end in adults vs birth

A

Adults = L1/2
Birth = L3

50
Q

Blood supply to spinal cord

A

Anterior & L/R posterior spinal A

51
Q

What forms the ant spinal A

A

Formed in foramen magnum from 2 anterior spinal branches of vertebral A

52
Q

What are the radicular A

A

Highly important contributions to reinforce longitudinal tracts

53
Q

What extremities contribute to gracile tract

A

Lower extremities

54
Q
A
55
Q
A

GSSE anatomy (8 decks)

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