Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK 2 > Lower Leg Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower Leg Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Osseous structures of the lower leg

A
  1. Tibia
  2. Fibula
  3. Talus
  4. Calcaneus
  5. Navicular
  6. Cuboid
  7. Cuneiforms (M/L/Int)
  8. Metatarsals
  9. Phalanges
  10. Sesamoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

structures of the proximal tibia

A
  1. Condyles
  2. Tibial Tuberosity
  3. Fibular Facet → posterio-lateral condyle
  4. Gerdy’s Tubercle
  5. Shaft is triangular at cross-section
  6. Tibial torsion:
    • ~30 degrees external rotation at distal end
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

structures of the distal tibia

A
  1. medial malleolus projects inferiomedially from medial aspect of distal end
    • lateral surface articulates with medial talar body
  2. Wider anteriorly
  3. Articulation with talus
  4. sagittal plane → concave
  5. transverse plane → convex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

structure of the fibula

A
  1. long slender bone
    • fibular head
    • shaft
    • lateral malleolus
  2. attaches to tibia at proximal and distal tibiofibular joints
  3. lateral component of talocrural joint’s proximal articulation
  4. not well suited for w/b
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Navicular bone

A
  1. articulations
    • talar head, cuneiform (+/-), cuboid
    • proximal → oval and concave
    • distal → convex with 3 facets
    • lateral → irregular shaped
  2. navicular tuberosity
    • primary attachment for tibialis posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cuboid bone

A
  1. most lateral in distal tarsal row
  2. articulations
    • 4th and 5th mets
    • calcaneus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cuneiform bones

A
  1. articulate with navicular, metatarsals 1-3, cuboid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

medial cuneiform

A
  • largest
  • primary attachment of tibialis anterior (medial)
  • slips from tibialis posterior and fibularis longus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

intermediate cuneiform

A
  • does not project as distally (recess for 2nd metatarsal)
  • partial attachment tibialis posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lateral cuneiform

A
  • partial attachment tibialis posterior (+/- flexor hallucis brevis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

metatarsals

A
  • long bones → dorsal convexity and plantar concavity
  • base, shaft, head
  • 1-3 articulate with cuneiforms
  • 4-5 articulate with cuboid
  • 2nd is the longest
  • styloid process on 5th
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

phalanges and sesamoids

A
  1. phalanges
    • 2 in the great toe
    • 3 in each of toes 2-5
  2. sesamoids
    • common medial and lateral sesamoids of 1st MTPJ
    • articulate with 1st met head, embeded in FHB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ankle stability

A
  1. rigid
    • joint congruency
    • capsular support
    • ligamentous support
    • muscular stability
    • interaction of joint angles at varied positions
      • perpendicular for stable platform
  2. yet flexible
    • interaction of joint angles at varied positions
      • parallel for load acceptance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lower leg muscles in the anterior compartment

A
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. extensor hallucis longus
  3. extensor digitorum longus
  4. fibularis tertius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lower leg muscles in the lateral compartment

A
  1. fibularis longus
  2. fibularis brevis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lower leg muscles in the posterior compartment

A
  1. Superficial group
    • gastrocnemius
    • soleus
    • plantaris
  2. Deep group
    • popliteus
    • tibialis posterior
    • flexor digitorum longus
    • flexor hallucis longus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

muscles that dorsiflex

A
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. extensor digitorum longus
  3. extensor hallucis longus
  4. fibularis tertius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

muscles that plantarflex

A
  1. gastrocnemius
  2. soleus
  3. flexor digitorum longus
  4. flexor hallicus longus
  5. Fibularis longus
  6. Tibialis posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

muscles that perform inversion

A
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. tibialis posterior
20
Q

muscles that perform eversion

A
  1. fibularis longus
  2. fibularis tertius
  3. fibularis brevis
21
Q

Intrinsic foot muscles

A
  1. Layer 1
    • abductor hallucis
    • flexor digitorum brevis
    • abductor digiti minimi
  2. Layer 2
    • flexor digitorum accesorius (quadratus plantae)
    • lumbricals
  3. Layer 3
    • flexor hallucis brevis
    • adductor hallucis
    • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  4. Layer 4
    • dorsal interiossei
    • plantar interiossei
22
Q

lower leg vasculature

A
  1. anterior tibial artery
  2. dorsalis pedis
  3. posterior tibial artery
  4. medial and lateral plantar arteries
  5. fibular artery
23
Q

Lower leg nerves

A
  1. posterior tibial nerve
  2. common fibular nerve
    • superficial fibular nerve
    • deep fibular nerve
  3. deep fibular nerve
24
Q

describe the plantar fascia

A
  1. dense aponeurosis
  2. longitudinally oriented, originating from the plantar calcaneus
  3. strongest and most dense centrally
  4. distally it is broader and thinner
    • splits into 5 bands that diverge to the toes
25
Q

describe the proximal tibiofibular joint

A
  1. lateral tibial condyle and fibular head
  2. plane synovial joint
    • transverse vs oblique joint line
  3. has a capsule
26
Q

describe the distal tibiofibular joint

A
  1. concave tibia and convex fibula
  2. syndesmosis joint
  3. ligaments:
    • anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
    • interosseous ligament
  4. no capsule present
27
Q

describe the talocrural joint

A
  1. uniaxial hinge joint
  2. mortise
    • inferior tibia
    • medial malleolus,
    • lateral malleoulus of fibula
    • inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament
      • body of talus fits in mortise
  3. dynamic axis of rotation
28
Q

motion at the transverse tarsal joint

A
  1. pronation
  2. supination
29
Q

what occurs during supination

A
  1. talus drags along cuboid via naviculocuboid ligaments
  2. cuboid pulls under calcaneus and anteriorly under talus
  3. naviculocuboid pair rotates around a-p axis
30
Q

what occurs during pronation

A
  1. N-C pair pulled laterally so forefoot faces anteriorly and laterally
  2. N-C pair rotates with navicular depression and cuboid abduction
31
Q

describe the arthrology of the subtalar joint

A
  1. movements occur simultaneously in 3 planes
  2. supination
    • slight depression causes slight extension of foot
    • medial displacement causes adduction of foot
    • rotation as calcaneus lies down flat on lateral surface with inversion of foot
  3. calcaneus pitches, turns, and rolls under talus
  4. axis oblique inferiorly, laterally, posteriorly
  5. partial sphere and cylinder
32
Q

Arthrology of IPs and MTPs

A

concave proximally

convex distally

33
Q

describe the osteokinematics of DF and PF

A
  • DF/PF
    • sagital movement primarily at the talocrural, MTP and IP joints
34
Q

osteokinematics of inversion

A

tilting of the plantar surface of the foot towards the midline (coronal plane, in the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints)

35
Q

osteokinematics of eversion

A

eversion is tilting away from the midline

36
Q

at what joint does ABD/ADD of the foot occur?

A

transverse tarsal joints

and to a limited degree, the first tarsometatarsal joint and MTP joints

37
Q

supination is a combo of what 3 movements?

A

Adduction, inversion, and plantarflexion

38
Q

pronation is a combo of what 3 movements?

A

Abduction, eversion, and dorsiflexion

39
Q

resting position and closed pack position of the Tibiofibular joint

A
  1. Resting → 10º plantarflexion
  2. Closed → full dorsiflexion
40
Q

resting and closed-pack position of the talocural joint?

A
  1. Resting → ~10º plantarflexion
  2. Closed → full dorsiflexion
41
Q

resting and closed pack position of the midfoot

A
  1. Resting → ~10º PF
  2. Closed → full dorsiflexion
42
Q

resting and closed-pack position of the IP joints?

A
  1. resting → slight flexion
  2. closed → full extension
43
Q

normal ROM for motions at the LE

A
  1. PF → 50
  2. DF → 20
  3. Supination → 45-60
  4. Pronation → 15-30
  5. Great Toe Flexion → MTP 40, IP 90
  6. Great Toe Extension → MTP 70, IP 0
44
Q

dorsiflexion ranges with function

A
  1. walking → 10º
  2. standing up from a chair → 17-20º
  3. descend stairs → 20º
45
Q

what are some things that may limit dorsiflexion?

A
  1. Bony factors
    • superior surface of talar neck hits anterior margin of tibia
    • mortise
  2. Capsuloligamentous factors
    • posterior capsule
    • posterior fibers of collateral ligaments
  3. Muscular factors
    • triceps surae
46
Q

list the arches at the foot and what bones make them up

A
  1. Medial arch
    • calcaneus
    • talar head
    • navicular
    • mets 1-3
  2. Lateral arch
    • calcaneus
    • cuboid
    • 4-5th mets
  3. Transverse arch
    • bases of mets
    • cuboids
    • cuneiforms
47
Q

what is the windlass effect?

A

occurs in the medial longitudinal arch

plantar fascia resist flattening of the longitudinal arch and stores energy for propulsion

MSK 2 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions