Lower Extremity Joints

Question 1

Acetabulofemoral Joint

Answer 1

Joint Type: Spheroidal Synoival Joint

Bones: Femoral head and acetabulum

Ligaments:

Acetabular Labrum

Transverse acetabular L.

Acrticular Capsule

Iliofemoral L

Pubofemoral L

Ischiofemoral L

Orbicular Zone

Ligamentum teres

Question 2

Knee Joint

Answer 2

Joint Type: Ginglymus Synoival Joint

Bones: medial femoral and tibial condyles , lateral femoral and tibial condyles and patella and femor

Ligaments: (extracapsular)

Patellar L

Fibular Collateral L.

Tibial collateral L

Oblique popliteal L

Arcuate Popliteal L

(intrarticular)

Anterior Cruciate L

Posterior Cruciate L

Transverse L of the knee

Posterior meniscofemoral L.

Question 3

Tibiofibular Joint

Answer 3

Joint Type: Proximal: planar synovial Joint, medial: syndesmosis (compound)

Bones: Tibia and fibula

Ligaments: Superior tibiofublar joinnt

tibiofibular syndesmosis:

interossesous membrane

Anterior inferior tibiofibular L

Posterior inferior tibiofibular L

Inferior transverse tibiofibular L

Question 4

Talocrural Joint

Answer 4

Joint Type: Ginglymus Synovial Joint

Bones: Distal ends of tibia and fibula and trochlea of talus

Ligaments:

Anterior talofibular L

Posterior talofibular L

Calcaneofibular L

Medial L. of the ankle (Deltoid L)

Anterior tibiotalar L

Posterior tibiotalar L

Tibionavicular L

Tibiocalcaneal L

Question 5

Talocalcaneal (subtalar) Joint

Answer 5

Joint Type: Planar Synovial J

Bones: posterior calcaneal articular facet of talus and posterior talar articular facet

Ligaments: talocalcaneal (medial lateral intermediate) L

Question 6

Transverse Tarsal Joint

Answer 6

Joint Type: Spheroidal and Planar synovial

Ligaments:

Question 7

Talocalcaneonavicular Joint

Answer 7

Joint Type: Spheroidal Synovial Joint

Bones: head of talus and distal calcaneus and navicular

Ligaments: Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) L.

Question 8

Calcaneocuboid Joint

Answer 8

Joint Type: Planar synovial joint

Bones: cuboid on calcaneus and posterior aspect of cuboid b.

Ligaments: Long plantar L

Question 9

Metatarsophalangeal Joint

Answer 9

Joint Type: Condyloid Synovial Joint

Bones: heads of metatarsals and bases of proximal phalax

Question 10

What are the main function of the iliofemoral ligament and pubofemoral ligament in the extracapsular ligatments of the hip joint?

Answer 10

They mainly prevent hyper extension

Question 11

What is the weakest ligament of the extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint?

Answer 11

Ischiofemoral Ligament

Question 12

What is so important of the ligamentum teres (inside the transverse acetabular L) and what will it transport to the head?

Answer 12

It sends a branch of the obturator artery to the head and supplys it when young, only 30% of people still have the artery in older ages, and if a disolacation occurs, can result in necrosis of femor head (BOJACKSON)

Question 13

What is the most common and least common hip dislocation?

Answer 13

Most common is posterior hip dislocation and least common is anterior dislocation. When dislocated, will present with leg shortened, flexed, internally rotated and adducted

Question 14

Where is gerdy’s tubercle?

Answer 14

on the anterior side of the proximal tibia, lateral to the tibial tuberosity

Question 15

What is the fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (FCL)?

Answer 15

Ligament between the femur and fibula that has the popliteus M and tendon going under it, biceps femoris lies over it

Question 16

What does the LFE/ALL do, and what else tears when it tears?

Answer 16

It prevents excessive tibial rotation, the ALL will tear when the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) will tear as well

Question 17

Is the medial collateral ligament (MCL) stronger or weaker than the LCL?

Answer 17

weaker, however they will tear together

Question 18

What does the ACL in the knee joint do, and what is special about it?

Answer 18

it limits rolling of the condyles and hyperflexion, has less blood supply and therefore tears easier

Question 19

What is special about the posterior cruciate ligament in the knee joint (PCL) and what does it do?

Answer 19

It is stronger and has more blood supply to it, prevents hyper flexion?

Question 20

WHAT are the main functions of menisci in the knee and which is thicker ?

Answer 20

shock absorbers to take away stress, lateral is thicker, medial is C shaped and smaller, connected by transverse ligament of the knee

Question 21

What is the unhappy triad and how does it happen?

Answer 21

When there is a strong lateral force, the ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus will tear

Question 22

Vastus vs valgus knee exam?

Answer 22

Valgus, at 0/30 degrees hold ankle, force on knee lateral to medial

Vastus, at 0/30 degrees hold ankle, force on knee medial to lateral

Question 23

Lachmans vs drawer test knee exam?

Answer 23

Lachmans: 30 degrees, supine, anterior pull (ACL) posterior pull (PCL)

Drawer test: 90 degrees sit on foot, pull ant tib (ACL) push tib (PCL)

Question 24

McMurray test to check lateral and medial meniscus?

Answer 24

Medail: hip knee flex to 90, medial to lateral force, external rotation, move foot down

Lateral: 90 degrees, lateral to medial force on knee, internal rotation of hip, leg down

Question 25

What is the most common sprain/ligament tear in an inversion ankle sprain?

Answer 25

ATFL: anterior talo-fibular ligament (always tears first!)

Question 26

What is Pott’s fracture dislocation?

Answer 26

eversion of ankle causes deltoid ligament (very strong) to break off tip of medial malleolus, which will then fracture the distal fibula as well

Question 27

What is pes planus?

Answer 27

Flat feet