Lower Extremity Joints Flashcards
Acetabulofemoral Joint
Joint Type: Spheroidal Synoival Joint
Bones: Femoral head and acetabulum
Ligaments:
Acetabular Labrum
Transverse acetabular L.
Acrticular Capsule
Iliofemoral L
Pubofemoral L
Ischiofemoral L
Orbicular Zone
Ligamentum teres
Knee Joint
Joint Type: Ginglymus Synoival Joint
Bones: medial femoral and tibial condyles , lateral femoral and tibial condyles and patella and femor
Ligaments: (extracapsular)
Patellar L
Fibular Collateral L.
Tibial collateral L
Oblique popliteal L
Arcuate Popliteal L
(intrarticular)
Anterior Cruciate L
Posterior Cruciate L
Transverse L of the knee
Posterior meniscofemoral L.
Tibiofibular Joint
Joint Type: Proximal: planar synovial Joint, medial: syndesmosis (compound)
Bones: Tibia and fibula
Ligaments: Superior tibiofublar joinnt
tibiofibular syndesmosis:
interossesous membrane
Anterior inferior tibiofibular L
Posterior inferior tibiofibular L
Inferior transverse tibiofibular L
Talocrural Joint
Joint Type: Ginglymus Synovial Joint
Bones: Distal ends of tibia and fibula and trochlea of talus
Ligaments:
Anterior talofibular L
Posterior talofibular L
Calcaneofibular L
Medial L. of the ankle (Deltoid L)
Anterior tibiotalar L
Posterior tibiotalar L
Tibionavicular L
Tibiocalcaneal L
Talocalcaneal (subtalar) Joint
Joint Type: Planar Synovial J
Bones: posterior calcaneal articular facet of talus and posterior talar articular facet
Ligaments: talocalcaneal (medial lateral intermediate) L
Transverse Tarsal Joint
Joint Type: Spheroidal and Planar synovial
Ligaments:
Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
Joint Type: Spheroidal Synovial Joint
Bones: head of talus and distal calcaneus and navicular
Ligaments: Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) L.
Calcaneocuboid Joint
Joint Type: Planar synovial joint
Bones: cuboid on calcaneus and posterior aspect of cuboid b.
Ligaments: Long plantar L
Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Joint Type: Condyloid Synovial Joint
Bones: heads of metatarsals and bases of proximal phalax
What are the main function of the iliofemoral ligament and pubofemoral ligament in the extracapsular ligatments of the hip joint?
They mainly prevent hyper extension
What is the weakest ligament of the extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint?
Ischiofemoral Ligament
What is so important of the ligamentum teres (inside the transverse acetabular L) and what will it transport to the head?
It sends a branch of the obturator artery to the head and supplys it when young, only 30% of people still have the artery in older ages, and if a disolacation occurs, can result in necrosis of femor head (BOJACKSON)
What is the most common and least common hip dislocation?
Most common is posterior hip dislocation and least common is anterior dislocation. When dislocated, will present with leg shortened, flexed, internally rotated and adducted
Where is gerdy’s tubercle?
on the anterior side of the proximal tibia, lateral to the tibial tuberosity
What is the fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (FCL)?
Ligament between the femur and fibula that has the popliteus M and tendon going under it, biceps femoris lies over it
What does the LFE/ALL do, and what else tears when it tears?
It prevents excessive tibial rotation, the ALL will tear when the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) will tear as well
Is the medial collateral ligament (MCL) stronger or weaker than the LCL?
weaker, however they will tear together
What does the ACL in the knee joint do, and what is special about it?
it limits rolling of the condyles and hyperflexion, has less blood supply and therefore tears easier
What is special about the posterior cruciate ligament in the knee joint (PCL) and what does it do?
It is stronger and has more blood supply to it, prevents hyper flexion?
WHAT are the main functions of menisci in the knee and which is thicker ?
shock absorbers to take away stress, lateral is thicker, medial is C shaped and smaller, connected by transverse ligament of the knee
What is the unhappy triad and how does it happen?
When there is a strong lateral force, the ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus will tear
Vastus vs valgus knee exam?
Valgus, at 0/30 degrees hold ankle, force on knee lateral to medial
Vastus, at 0/30 degrees hold ankle, force on knee medial to lateral
Lachmans vs drawer test knee exam?
Lachmans: 30 degrees, supine, anterior pull (ACL) posterior pull (PCL)
Drawer test: 90 degrees sit on foot, pull ant tib (ACL) push tib (PCL)
McMurray test to check lateral and medial meniscus?
Medail: hip knee flex to 90, medial to lateral force, external rotation, move foot down
Lateral: 90 degrees, lateral to medial force on knee, internal rotation of hip, leg down
What is the most common sprain/ligament tear in an inversion ankle sprain?
ATFL: anterior talo-fibular ligament (always tears first!)
What is Pott’s fracture dislocation?
eversion of ankle causes deltoid ligament (very strong) to break off tip of medial malleolus, which will then fracture the distal fibula as well
What is pes planus?
Flat feet
