Femoral Triangle

Question 1

What are the borders/borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 1

Base/Top: Inguinal Ligament 
Lateral wall: Sartorius M.
Medial Wall: Adductor Longus M.
Floor: Pectineus & iliopsoas M
Roof: fascia lata

Question 2

What are the contents of the femoral traingle?

Answer 2

Femoral Nerve, Artery, Vein (NAVY lateral to medial)

Femoral Canal: empty space with the deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 3

What is the femoral sheath an elongation of?

Answer 3

Transversalis fascia

Question 4

What 3 compartments are made by two vertical septa in the femoral sheath?

Answer 4

Lateral (femoral artery)
Medial (femoral vein)
Medial/femoral canal:empy space for lymph nodes

Question 5

What does the femoral canal do besides house the lymph nodes?

Answer 5

allows femoral vein to expand during increased venous return, extending distally to saphenous opening

Question 6

What is the femoral ring (1cm wide)?

Answer 6

small empty space covered by parietal peritoneum, common area for femoral hernias (inside femoral ring is femoral canal)

Question 7

What is common in femoral hernias (most common in females)?

Answer 7

femoral ring: weak area in anterior abdominal wall where a loop of small intestine protrudes into femoral canal

Question 8

What is the difference between a direct and indirect hernia?

Answer 8

Direct does not follow path into inguinal ring, goes through hasselbachs triangle, and indirect does follow path into inguinal ring, into the scrotum.

Question 9

Where do inguinal lymph nodes drain lymph from?

Answer 9

Lower limb, gluteal, perineum, anal canal, anterior abdominal wall

Question 10

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes…

Answer 10

Lie in superficial fascia and have a proximal(horziontal) /distal(vertical) group

Proximal: 1cm inferior to inguinal ligament

Distal: along great saphenous vein, drain into external iliac LN

Question 11

Deep inguinal lymph nodes…

Answer 11

1-3 nodes along femoral vein, inside femoral canal, drain into external iliac lymph nodes

Question 12

Compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as its passes under the inguinal ligmanet which pain along the lateral thigh is known as?

Answer 12

Meralgia paresthetica

Question 13

What is the adductor canal?

Answer 13

intermuscular passage/fascia tunnel, which starts at the apex of the femoral triangle and ends at the adductor hiatus, femoral vessels reach popliteal fossa

Question 14

What is the adductor hiatus?

Answer 14

Opening in the tendon of adductor magnus, femoral vessels reach popliteal fossa via this arch way

Question 15

Where is femoral cannulation normally done?

Answer 15

2-3 cm inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, midway between ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 16

What is the primary blood supply to the femur head?

Answer 16

The medial circumflex femoral artery (and partially lateral circumflex femoral artery)

Question 17

What are the arteries called that supply adductors (magnus) and the hamstring muscles, which branch off of the deep femoral/profunda femoris artery?

Answer 17

1st 2nd and 3rd perforating A.

Question 18

What vein in the anteromedial thigh is commonly used to administer blood, electrolytes, and drugs, and is used for coronary bypass surgery

Answer 18

The great saphenous vein

Question 19

What may occur when the venous system is accessed by saphenous cutdown (incision at anterior-medial malleolus)?

Answer 19

A patient may complain of pain along the medial border of the foot as a result of the cutdown, most likely the saphenous nerve was cut during the cutdown