Gluteal Region

Question 1

What exits the greater sciatic foramen? (made by the sacrospinous ligament)

Answer 1

Gluteal neurovascular bundles
Piriformis M
Sciatic N
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous N.
Pudendal N and internal pudendal A
Obturator internus/Superior gamellus N

Question 2

What enters/exits the lesser sciatic foramen (between sacrotuberous ligament and the sacrospinous ligament?

Answer 2

pudendal N and internal pudendal A. enter
Obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve enter
Obturator internus exit

Question 3

What root nerves does the superior gluteal N. come from?

Answer 3

L4-S1

Question 4

What root nerves does the inferior gluteal N. come from?

Answer 4

L5-S2

Question 5

What root nerves does the sciatic N and tibial division of sciatic N come from?

Answer 5

L4-S3 (same as sciatic N.)

Question 6

What root nerves does the common fibular division of the sciatic N. come from?

Answer 6

L4-S2

Question 7

The cruciate anastomosis can provide blood to the leg if the femoral artery is occluded or severed by using which arteries?

Answer 7

inferior gluteal A.
transverse branch of the medial circumflex femoral A.
transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral A.
Perforating arteries

Question 8

Where should a intragluteal injection be made?

Answer 8

in the supero-lateral part of the gluteal region in order to avoid the sciatic nerve. Between lateral iliac crest and superior border of the greater trochanter

Question 9

Which muscles are the main gait-maintainers?

Answer 9

Gluteus minimus and gluteus medius M. (thigh abduction and medial rotation)

Question 10

During what phases of the gait cycle are the gluteals active and inactive?

Answer 10

active/flex on load reponse in stance phase

inactive/relaxed on toe off in swing phase

Question 11

What is Duchennes Limp or Positive trendelenburgs sign and what causes it?

Answer 11

It is when you stand up straight and the abductors (minimus and medius) do not work. Caused by superior gluteal nerve injury. will lean toward effected side during stance phase of gait, pelvis dropping on unaffected side

Question 12

if center of rotation is within boundaries of the IT band…

Answer 12

the band acts as an extensor of the knee when gluteus maximus contracts

Question 13

if center of rotation is anterior to the boundaries of the IT band…

Answer 13

the band acts as a flex at the knee when the gluteus maximus contracts

Question 14

What can happen when the sciatic nerve comes out in between the piriformis m.?

Answer 14

chronic sciatica pain down the leg, will go undiagnosed d/t being mistaken for normal pinched nerves

Question 15

What are the three important bursae of the gluteal region?

Answer 15

ischial bursa, trochanteric bursa (between greater trochanter and IT band), gluteofemoral bursa