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Musculoskeletal and skin > Lower Extremities - leg, foot and posterior thigh > Flashcards

Lower Extremities - leg, foot and posterior thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Tibialis anterior m.

DA + action

A

DA - 1st cuneiform bone and 1st metatarsal bone

Action - dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot

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2
Q

Extensor hallucis longus m.

A

DA - base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

Action - Extends great toe and dorsiflexes the foot

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3
Q

Extensor digitorum longus m.

A

DA - tendons attach to the middle and distal phalanges of the lateral 4 toes

Action - Extends the toes and dorsiflexes the foot

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4
Q

Fibularis tertius m.

A

DA - dorsal surface of the shaft of the 5th metatarsal bone

Action - dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot

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5
Q

Proximal attachments for all anterior leg muscle

A
  • proximal tibia
  • proximal fibula
  • interosseous membrane
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6
Q

The anterior leg muscles are innervated by

A

Deep fibular nerve

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7
Q

The lateral leg muscles are innervated by

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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8
Q

Skin in what region of the dorsal foot is supplied the cutaneous branches of the deep fibular nerve

A

Skin b/w great toe and 2nd toe

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9
Q

Fibularis longus

A

Turns around the lateral side of the cuboid bone and enters the sole of the foot

DA - Plantar surface of medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal bone

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10
Q

Fibularis brevis

A

DA - tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone

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11
Q

The muscles of the lateral leg compartment have what action?

A

Eversion and plantar flexion of foot

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12
Q

What happens if the common fibular nerve is damaged?

A
  • eversion of foot
  • dorsiflexion of foot
  • extension of toes
  • loss of sensation to dorsum of foot and toes
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13
Q

Muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh

Action

A
  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Semimembranosus

ACTION
-extend the thigh and flex the leg

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14
Q

Biceps femoris

PA, DA, innervation

A

Long head

PA - ischial tuberosity
DA - head of the fibula
innv - tibial division of sciatic nerve

Short head
PA - lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur
innv - common fibular division of sciatic nerve

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15
Q

Semitendinosus muscle

A

long cord-link tendon at distal end

PA - ischial tuberosity
DA - medial surface of superior part of tibia
innv - tibial division of sciatic nerve

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16
Q

Semimembranosus

A

broad, membrane like tendon at its proximal end

PA - ischial tuberosity
DA - posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
innv - tibial division of sciatic nerve

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17
Q

Hamstring part of the adductor magnus muscle

  • arises from
  • innervation
A
  • Arises from ischial tuberosity deep to proximal attachment of posterior thigh muscles
  • hamstring part innv by tibial division of sciatic nerve
  • adductor magnus forms the deep boundary of the posterior compartment of thigh
18
Q

Borders of the popliteal fossa

A
  1. Superolateral - biceps femoris

Superomedial - semitendinosus and semimembranosus

Inferolateral and inferomedial - 2 heads of the gastrocnemius muscle

Posterior - skin and deep (popliteal) fascia

Anterior - popliteal surface of the femur, posterior surface of the capsule of the knee joint, and the popliteus muscle

19
Q

Describe the course of the common fibular nerve starting from it’s origni

A
  • Parallels the tendon the biceps femoris tendon

- passes superficial to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius

20
Q

Which vessels are involved in the genicular anastomosis?

Which branches of the popliteal artery participate in the anastomosis?

A
  1. Femoral artery
  2. lateral circumflex femoral a.
  3. Anterior tibial a.

Superior lateral and superior medial genicular arteries

21
Q

Pes anserinus

A

Convergence of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus tendons on the proximal end of the tibia

22
Q

Posterior leg compartment

  • superficial and deep groups:
  • separated by
  • action
  • innervation
A

SUPERFICIAL

  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris

Action -> plantar flexion of the foot

DEEP

  • popliteus
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus

Action -> inversion and plantar flexion of foot + flexion of toes

SEPARATED BY - transverse intermuscular septum

INNERVATION - tibial nerve

23
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

PA - femoral condyles for each head
DA - calcaneal tuberosity by way of the calcaneal tendon

Plantar flexes foot

24
Q

Soleus

A

PA - soleal line of tibia
DA - Calcaneal tendon

Plantar flexes foot

25
Q

Plantaris

A

PA - lateral supracondylar line of the femur
-tendon courses b/w gastroc and soleus in proximal part of leg
DA - joins the calcaneal tendon and attaches to the calcaneus

Plantar flexor of foot and weak flexor of the knee

26
Q

Popliteus muscle

A

PA - lateral condyle of the femur
DA - posterior surface of the proximal tibia

Action

  • rotates the femur on the tibia to unlock the extended knee
  • Weak flexor of the leg
27
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

PA - tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane
DA - plantar surface several tarsal bones

Action - inverter and plantar flexor of foot

28
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

PA - inferior 2/3 of fibula and interosseous membrane
DA - base of distal phalanx of great toe

Action - flexes great toe and plantar flexes foot

29
Q

Tom, Dick ANd Harry

A

Anterior to posterior (posterior to medial malleolus)

T - tibialis posterior
D - flexor digitorum longus
A - posterior tibial artery
N - tibial nerve 
H - flexor hallucis longus
30
Q

Fibular artery

  • comes off of
  • course b/w
  • provides blood to
A
  • posterior tibial a.
  • courses distally b/w tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis longus muscles
  • supplies blood to:
    1. muscles of lateral compartment of leg
    2. lateral side of posterior compartment of leg
31
Q

The muscles in posterior leg compartment are innervated by

A

Tibial nerve

32
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis

A

Proximal:
Calcaneal tuberosity
Plantar aponeurosis

Distal:
Middle phalanges of toes 2-5

Nerve/Artery:
Medial plantar nerve/artery

Action:
Flexion of toes 2-5

33
Q

ABductor hallucis

A

Proximal:
Calcaneal tuberosity (medial side)
Plantar aponeurosis

Distal:
Medial base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Nerve/Artery:
Medial plantar nerve/artery

Action:
Abduction of the great toe

34
Q

ABductor digiti minimi

A

Proximal:
Calcaneal tuberosity (lateral side)
Plantar aponeurosis

Distal:
Base of the proximal phalynx of 5th toe

Nerve/Artery:
Lateral plantar nerve/artery

Action:
Abduction of 5th toe

35
Q

Quadratus plantae

A

(deep to flexor digitorum brevis muscle)

Proximal:
Calcaneus

Distal:
Tendon of the flexor digitorum longus muscle

Nerve:
Lateral plantar nerve

Action:
Flexion of toes 2-5

36
Q

Lumbrical

A

Proximal:
Tendon of the flexor digitorum longus muscle

Distal:
Extensor expansions of toes 2-5

Nerve/Artery:
Medial and lateral plantar nerves/arteries

Action:
Flexion of proximal phalanges of toes 2-5
Extension of middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5

37
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis

A 
(medial and lateral head)
Proximal:
First metatarsal bone
Cuboid bone
Third cuneiform bone
Distal:
Both sides of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Nerve:
Medial plantar nerve

Action:
Flexion of the great toe

38
Q

Adductor hallucis

A

Proximal:
Don’t worry about this

Distal:
Lateral base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Nerve/artery:
Lateral plantar nerve/artery

Action:
Adduction of great toe

39
Q

Flexor digiti minimi

A

Proximal:
Base of the 5th metatarsal

Distal:
Base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe

Nerve/artery:
Lateral plantar nerve/artery

Action:
Flexion of the 5th toe

40
Q

Interosseous muscles

A

(plantar on left; dorsal on right)

Attachments:
Between the metatarsals

Nerve:
Lateral plantar nerve

Action:
4 Dorsal are ABductors (DAB)
3 Plantar are ADductors (PAD)
2nd toe is the axis

41
Q

Tibial nerve divides into?

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves -> common and proper plantar digital nerves

Musculoskeletal and skin (11 decks)

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