Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DIT OMM > Lower Extremities > Flashcards

Lower Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

Piriformis syndrome

A

pain in buttock

ipsilateral leg externally rotated
sciatica like sx down back of ispilateral leg

SD of sacrum and psoas associations

TP is 1/2 from ILA/PSIS midpoint to greater trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous n.

A

branch of femoral n.

causes meralgia paresthetica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

L3-4 Disc Herniation

A

affects L4 nerve root
medial leg sensation
foot inversion

tested by patellar DTR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

L4-L5 disc herniation

A

affects L5 nerve root
anterior leg and foot sensation
foot dorsiflexion

no DTR reflex
can’t walk on heels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

L5-S1 disc herniation

A

affects S1 nerve root
lateral leg sensation
foot eversion

tested by achilles deep tendon reflex
can’t walk on tip toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Congenital hip dysplasia

A

large baby, first born, female, breech

femoral head displaced posteriorly and inferiorly

Barlow’s test - displaces femur head
Ortolani’s test - femur head reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

A

osteonecrosis of femoral head or femoral capitus epiphysis

painless limp

males - 4-10 yo

XR: crushed or deformed femoral head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

A

displacement of femoral head on neck

progressive painful limp

loss of abduction, internal rot

overweight, teen male

XR: scoop of icecream sliding off the cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Meralgia paresthetica

A

compression of lateral femoral cutaneous n. as it passes under inguinal lig

pain/paresthesia over lateral thigh

obese with large panis, pregnancy or heavy belt (police officer or construction worker)

Tx: wt loss, suspenders to redistribute wt of belt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

A

painful swelling over tibial tuberosity
10-15 yo

XR: separation and new bone growth around tibial tuberosity

Tx: activity modification and conservative therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Wolf’s Law

A

Bone remodeling occurs along lines of stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Femoroacetabular joint

A

hip joint
ball and socket

iliofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament
pubofermoral ligament
capitus femoris - head of femur to acetabular fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Minor motions of the hip

A

anterior glide - head of femur glides anteriorly with external rotation of hip

Posterior glid - head of femur glides posteriorly with internal rotation of hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

External rotation SD of hip cause

A

piriformis or iliopsoas spasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Internal rotation SD of hip cause

A

spasm of internal rotators:

gluteus minimus
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
TFL
adductor magnus
adductor longus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tibiofemoral joint

A

Stablized by:
2 C shaped menisci
ACL (O: posterior femur I: anterior tib)
PCL (O: ant femur I: post tib)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lateral knee stabilizers

A

MCL - femur to tibia, articulates w/ medial meniscus

LCL - femur to fibula

18
Q

Tibiofibular joint

A

synovial joint

Fibular head glides anteriorly w/ pronation of foot; posteriorly with supination of foot

19
Q

Foot pronation

A

dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

talus push distal fibula posteriorly -> proximal fib anterior

20
Q

Foot supination

A

plantarflexion, inversion, adduct

anterior talofibular ligament pull distal fibula anteriorly, proximal fib moves posterior

21
Q

Femoral nerve

A

L2-L4

Motor: quadriceps, iliacus, sartorius, pectineus

Sensory: anterior thigh, medial leg

22
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3

Tibial division:
Motor: hamstrings (except biceps femoris), most plantar flexors, toe flexors

Sensory: lower leg, plantar aspect of foot

Peroneal division:
Motor: short head of biceps femoris, evertors, dorsiflexors of foot, most extensors of toes

Sensory: lower leg and dorsum of foot

23
Q

Angulation of head of femor

A

normal 120-135

less than 120 coxa vara - R reduced angle
greater than 135 coxa valga - G greater angle

24
Q

Q angle

A

ASIS through middle of patella, tibial tubercle through middle of patella

normal 10-12

increased angle - genu valgum - G greater angle (knock knee)
Decreased angle - genu varum - R reduced angle (bow legged)

25
Q

Posterior fibular head

A

resists anterior spring
distal fib anterior, resists posterior

Tallus internally rotated - foot inverted, plantar flexed

26
Q

Anterior fibular head

A

resists posterior spring
distal fib may be psoterior

talus externally rotated, foot everted and dorsiflexed

27
Q

Patello-femoral sn

A

strong vastus lateralis and weak vastus medialis
patella tracks laterally
-> larger Q angle

Deep knee pain, esp when climbing stairs
patella crepitus

Women

Strengthen vastus medialis m.

28
Q

Grades of sprains

A

First degree: no tear, no laxity

Second degree: partial tear, decreased tensile strength w/ mild to moderate laxity

Third degree: complete tear, no tensile strength and severe laxity
-may req surgery

29
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

trauma or vigorous overuse -> increased intracompartmental pressure
compromise circulation w/in compartment

anterior compartment most common

severe unrelenting pain after and during exercise
Anterior tibilais m. hard and tender to palpation, pulses present, stretching m. causes extreme pain

Tx: ice and myofascial release to increase venous and lymph return

necrosis can develop w/in 4-8 hrs if intracompartmental pressure remains elevated -> surgical fasciotomy

30
Q

O’Donahue’s triad (terrible triad, unhappy triad)

A

Lateral impact on planted foot

ACL
MCL
medial meniscus (although lateral 56 percent of the time)

31
Q

Talocrural joint (tibiotalar joint)

A

plantar flexion and dorsi flexion

minor motions: anterior glid of talus w/ plantar flexion, posterior glide w/ dorsiflexion

Ankle more stable in dorsiflexion

32
Q

Subtalar joint (talocalcaneal joint)

A

shock absorber

internal and external rotation of leg while foot fixed

33
Q

Medial longitudinal arch

A

talus, navicular, cuneiforms, 1st - 3rd metatarsals

34
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch

A

calcaneous, cuboid, 4th-5th metatarsals

35
Q

Transverse arch

A

navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid

36
Q

SD of arches

A

MC transverse arch - long distance runners

Cuboid - medial edge drops
Navicular - lateral edge drops
Cuneiforms - usually second cuneiform drops

37
Q

Lateral stabilizers of ankle

A

prevent excessive supination

Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament

38
Q

Types of ankle sprains

A

Type I: only anterior talofibular ligament

Type II: anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament

Type III: anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, and posterior talofibular ligament

39
Q

Medial stabilizer of ankle

A

deltoid ligament

fracture of medial malleolus rather than pure ligamentous injury

40
Q

Spring ligament (calcaneonavicular ligament)

A

strengthens and supports medial longitudinal arch

41
Q

Plantar aponeurosis (plantar fascia)

A

calcaneus to phalanges

Chronic irritation -> calcium laid down along lines of stress -> heel spur

DIT OMM (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions