lower blocks Flashcards
what nerves make it to the ankle
saphenous, superficial peroneal, deep perineal, sural, posterior tibial
3 main nerves of the lumbar plexus
lateral femoral cutaneous, obturator, femoral
what does the lumbar plexus do
provides motor and sensory innervation to the anterior thigh and sensory innervation to medial aspect of lower extremity below the knee
what does the sciatic nerve do
motor and sensory of vast majority of lower leg and foot
what does the sciatic nerve branch into
tibial and common peroneal
what provides sensory to lateral thigh
lateral femoral cutaneous
what provides motor to sartorius and quads
femoral
what provides sensory to anterior thigh
femoral
inside of leg is what nerve
saphenous
outside of leg is what nerve
CP
what nerve innervates parietal peritoneum
ilioinguinal
what innervates posterior sole of foot
sural
hypoechoic
structure and substances through which sounds easily passes. appear dark or black on the untrasound screen.
hyperechoic
structures reflecting more sound waves appear brighter, white on ultrasound
linear probe
a high freq transducer that offers a high resolution picture with less tissue penetration
curvilinear probe
a low frequency transducer that offers better tissue penetration with lower resolution, or poorer image quality. good for deeper structures
in-plane needle alignment
in-plane needle alignment refers to aligning the needle with the long-axis of the transducer so that the entire shaft and tip of the needle are visible
out of plane alignment
transducer and needle and perpendicular to each other. since only the needle tip is observed as a bright dot, it is sometimes difficult to accurately observe the needle during advancement. despite this it is an easier approach for PNB and central venous cannulation
how many brachial plexus roots
5
how many brachial plexus trunks
3 (anterior, middle, inferior)
how many brachial plexus divisions
6 (3 anterior, 3 posterior)
how many brachial plexus cords
3 - lateral, posterior, medial
inter scalene block contraindications
local infection, severe coagulopathy, LA allergy, pt refusal.
inter scalene block will also block what
ipsilateral phrenic nerve
horners syndome happens with
inter scalene block
what is horners syndrome symptoms
miosis, ptosis, anhydrosis
which block can damage RLN
interscalene
which block highest chance of pneumo
supraclavicular
brachial plexus block is at the
divisions
which block is associated with subclavian artery puncture
surpaclavicular block
infraclavicular block is at the
cords
infraclavicular block is for
surgical procedures at or distal to the elbow
which nerve is spared with infraclavicular block
intercostobrachial nerve
contraindications to axillary block
local infection, neuropathy, bleeding risk
bier block tourniquet must be left inflated for at least
15-20 min
