fluid and blood therapy 1 Flashcards by Sarah Horvath

the body is made up of __ % water

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intracellular volume makes up __% of total body weight

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extracellular volume makes up __% of total body weight

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the interstitial fluid volume is part of the ___ fluid compartment

extracellular

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interstitial fluid volume makes up __% of ECV, while plasma volume makes up __% of ECV

75, 25

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TBW is __ % of a man’s weight

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TBW is __ % of a woman’s weight

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TBW is __ % of a infants weight

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obese individuals have __ TBW per weight than non-obese

less

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which three electrolytes are in the intracellular fluid compartment

potassium, phosphate, mag

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sodium-potassium pump maintains the high concentration of __ in the ___

K in the ICF

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how does NA +K +ATPase pump work

3NA+ for 2K and 1 ATP

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ATP pump maintains high potassium __ the cell, and high sodium __ the cell

inside, outside

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there is a high concentration of what two things extracellular

NA(cation) and Cl (anion)

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____vascular we have a high concentration of albumin which creates osmotic pressure to hold fluids in this space

intra

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normal ca

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normal mg

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normal chloride

103

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normal bicarb

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osmolarity

the number os osmoses of a solute in a liter of solution

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osmolality

the number of osmoses of a solute in a KILOGRAM of solvent

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how to change the osmolality?

change the solutes

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isotonic solutions are approx ___ mOsm/L

285

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hypovolemia is ___ but dehydration is a ____

fluid loss, concentration disorder

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what is the most abundant electrolyte in the ECF

most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients

hyponatremia

SIADH causes ____natremia

hypo

diuretics cause __natremia

hypo

adrenal insufficiency causes ___ natremia

hypo

vom and diarrhea causes ___ natremia

hypo

biggest risk of hyponatremia

cerebral edema

how to treat hyponatremia

hypertonic saline and an osmotic or loop diuretic

Na should be corrected at what rate

no more than 1-2meq/L per hr

inadequate intake causes

hypernatremia

Diabetes insipidus causes

hypernatremia

normal K

3.5-5

most common electrolyte abnormality encountered during clinical practice

hypokalemia

Gi losses causes ___kalemia

hypo

systemic alkalosis causes ___kalemia

hypo

DKA causes ___kalemia

hypo

diuretic therapy causes ___kalemia

hypo

SNS stimulation causes ___kalemia

hypo

poor dietary intake causes ___kalemia

hypo

serum K <2.5 will manifest as

paresthesias, depressesed tendon reflexes, , fasciculation's, muscle weakness

EKG changes with hypokalemia

ST- depression, U wave, flattened or inverted T-waves, ventricular ectopy

hypokalemia has an increased risk of myocardial irritability

2.6

rate for K replacement

10-20 MeQ/ hr

potassium sparing diuretics causes ___kalemia

hyper

metabolic or resp acidosis causes ____kalemia

hyper

dig tox causes ___kalemmia

hyper

insulin deficiency causes ___kalemia

hyper

tissue and muscle damage after burns causes ___ kalemia

hyper

succinylcholine causes ___ kalemia

hyper

succs increases K by

.5.. even more in burn patients

EKG changes and hyperkalemia

tall, peaked, and elevated T waves. widened QRS, prolonged PR. flattened or absent P wave, ST depression, cardiac arrest

ace inhibitors, arbs, and BB cause ___ kalemia

hyper

tx for hyperkalemia to shift K into the cells

insulin and glucose

give IV ___ to antagonize cardiac effects of hyperkalemai

CA.

upper limit for K for elective procedures

5.5

hypomag is a serum mag less than

1.7 mEq/l

Hypomag is caused by

inadequate dietary intake, TPN without supplementation, starvation, GI losses, chronic ETOH

EKG changes hypomag

flat T waves, U waves, prolonged QT, widened QRS, atrial and ventricular PVCs

low mag has an ____ effect on the ATP pump which alters the resting membrane potential

inhibitory

IV mag dose

1-2g over 5min. followed by continuous Invasion 1-2g/hr.

hyper mag is level greater than

2.5

how to treat hypermg, give

wht is the second messenger that couples cell membrane receptors to cellular responses

Mg ___ resting membrane potentials, CA ___ it.

decreases. increases

hypocalcemia is caused by

hypoparathyroidism, malignancy, chronic renal insufficiency

s/s of hypocalcemia neuromuscular

neurmusclar irritability - cramps, weakness, chvostek, trousseau, sz, numbness, tingling

s/s of hypocalc CV

dysrhythmias, prolonged QT, T wave inversion, hypotension, decreased myocardial contractility

s/s of hypocalc pulm

layngospasm, bronchospasm, hypovent.

advantage of calcium chloride vs calcium gluconate

calcium chloride is more bioavailable and more rapid correctoin

for every gram of calcium chloride, youd need to give how many grams of calc glu

causes of hypercalcemia

hyperparathyroidism (>50% cause), tumors/malignancy, calcium mobilization from bone d/t immobility

s/s of hypercalc cv

hypertension, heart block, shortened QT, dysrhythmias

s/s of hypercalc neuromuscular

muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, sedation

tx of hypercalcemia

underlying cause, volume expansion with NS, loop diuretics to enhance renal excretion of Ca