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OB/GYN > Lower and Upper gyn tract infections > Flashcards

Lower and Upper gyn tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

What country has the highest rates of STIs in the industrialized world?

A

US

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2
Q

What is the most commonly affected group with STIs?

A

15-24 year olds

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3
Q

How many tees have never talked to their parents about sex?

A

1 in 4

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4
Q

What percent of teens have no formal education before having sex

A

80%

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5
Q

What is the average age of sexual abuse?

A

9

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6
Q

What is the average number of partners high school grads have?

A

4

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7
Q

What is the average age of coitarche?

A

17

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8
Q

Why is it that women in their teenage years have the highest risk of contracting an STD?

A

Ectropion in the transformation zone is changing rapidly at this time

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9
Q

Why is it that women age 15-24 have the highest risk for contracting an STD? (3)

A

Most likely to:

  • have unprotected sex
  • have multiple partner
  • have barriers to health care
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10
Q

When should GC/CT annual screening begin?

A

Once sexually active, but regardless once 25

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11
Q

True or false: screening developmentally disabled patients for GC/CT is a high priority

A

True

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12
Q

What is the most sensitive test for GC/CT?

A

Nucleic acid amplification

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13
Q

True or false: self collected vaginal swabs are not acceptable for screening for GC/CT

A

False

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14
Q

When is Hep C screening indicated? How many times should they be tested?

A

One time testing if born from 1945-1965

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15
Q

When should HIV screen be performed?

A

At least once aged 13-54, and annually if at risk

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16
Q

Who should be screened for HCV?

A
  • HIV pts
  • Recipients of clotting factors before 1987
  • chronic hemodialysis
  • abnormal ALT
  • Organ transplant prior to 1992
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17
Q

Organ transplant before what year is a risk factor for HCV?

A

1992

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18
Q

Receiving clotting factors before what year is a risk factor for HCV?

A

1987

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19
Q

What is the viral family and genetic makeup of HCV? Enveloped?

A

Flaviviridae
+ssRNA
Enveloped

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20
Q

Which two hepatitis viral strains are transmitted via the fecal-oral route?

A

A and E

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21
Q

What are the five Ps of STD prevention?

A
  • Partners
  • Prevent pregnancy
  • Protect from STDs
  • Practices
  • Past h/o STDs
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22
Q

What are the goals of the CDC prevention and control in regard to STDs?

A
  • Educate and counsel
  • Identify asymptomatic people
  • Effective diagnosis and treatment
  • Evaluate and treat partners
  • Vaccinate high risk
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23
Q

What are the best type of questions to ask when trying to elicit a history of STIs?

A

Open ended questions with understandable and normalizing language

24
Q

True or false; delaying coitarche is a goal of STI prevention

25
Q

What are the STIs that are reportable in ALL states? (4)

A
  • Gonorrhea
  • Syphilis
  • Chlamydia
  • HIV/AIDS
26
Q

True or false: all of the hepatitis viruses are a reportable disease in Iowa

27
Q

True or false: minors may consent to STI services and HIV testing/treatment without notifying their parents

28
Q

What is the postexposure prophylaxis for Hep B?

A

HBIG + vaccination

29
Q

Who is the Hep B vaccine recommended for?

A

All unvaccinated, uninfected persons being evaluated for an STD

30
Q

What is the risk of death from cirrhosis of CA d/t hep B?

31
Q

What are the components of the national strategy to eliminate transmission of Hep B? (5)

A
  • ROutine screening if prego
  • Immunoprophylaxis to infants
  • Routine infant vaccination
  • Vaccination of children less than 18
  • Vaccinate at-risk adults
32
Q

Who, specifically, should receive the Hep A vaccine?

A
  • MSM
  • Chronic liver disease pts
  • illicit drug users
33
Q

When should females get the HPV vaccine (per CDC)?

A

11-26 years old

34
Q

What strains of HPV does Gardasil protect against? (4)

35
Q

What are the HPV strains that cause condyloma? (2)

36
Q

What are the HPV vaccines that cause cervical cancer? (2)

37
Q

Why is it that HSV may still be transmitted, despite condom use?

A

Oral route or base of the penis

38
Q

What type of material is best for condoms? Why?

A

Latex, because have lower slippage and breakage rates

39
Q

Are natural membrane condoms recommended for STD prevention?

40
Q

Why aren’t condoms with spermicide not recommended?

A

Increases the risk for UTIs

41
Q

What are the best lubricants to use with condoms? Why?

A

Water based, since these will make it less likely that the condom will break

42
Q

What is the best way to screen for HIV?

A

Op-out testing

43
Q

When should women get tested for HIV in pregnancy?

A

Initially, and again at third trimester if high risk

44
Q

When should women get tested for syphilis in pregnancy?

A

Initially, and again at third trimester and at delivery if high risk

45
Q

Is the Hep B vaccine safe to use in pregnancy?

46
Q

When should women get tested for GC/CT in pregnancy?

A

Initially, and again at third trimester if less than 25 yo or have more than 1 sec partner

47
Q

What is the most common chronic bloodborne infection?

48
Q

What is the transmission rate for HCV? When will this be higher?

A

5%, but higher if also have HIV

49
Q

What fraction of people with HIV are unaware they have it?

50
Q

What percent of HIV is transmitted via heterosexual contact?

51
Q

Who is most at risk of progression to AIDS?

A

African American women

52
Q

What is the screening test for HIV?

A

Enzyme immunoassay that detects nonspecific antibodies to HIV

53
Q

What percent of HIV antibodies are detectable within 3 months of infection?

54
Q

What is the diagnostic test for HIV? How many results are needed to confirm?

A

Western Blot for 2 specific antigens (p24, gp41, or gp120/160)

55
Q

What is the vertical transmission rate of HIV w/o ART therapy? What about with ART?

A

15-25%

Less than 2% with ART

OB/GYN (33 decks)

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