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PPO2 > Low Vision Techniques > Flashcards

Low Vision Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

what is the set of guidelines called that outline the respectful way to interact with a patient who is visually impaired or blind

A

sighted guide

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2
Q

what are the first 2 steps in sighted guide

A

ask patient if they need assistance and then make contact with their arm

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3
Q

what is your arm position in sighted guide

A

relaxed by your side- bend elbow for patients who are unstable or frail

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4
Q

what is your body position in sighted guide

A

the patient is a half-step behind you- they follow the movements of your body

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5
Q

what are you telling the patient in sighted guide

A

providing verbal cues about environment, location, direction traveling, inform what is in rooms and if there are people in the room

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6
Q

what do you do in sighted guide while going through a door, narrow space or crowd

A

move your arm behind back and position yourself to open the door with your free hand

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7
Q

what is the sighted guide procedure for stairs

A

alert the patient when you approach stairs, say up or down, inform them where the hand rail is and tell them when the last step is coming

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8
Q

what are the steps to taking a distance VA

A

reduce test distance, hand motion (record distance), light projection and light perception *Do not do count fingers!

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9
Q

which chart method is in meters

A

ETDRS

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10
Q

what chart method is in feet

A

Feinbloom

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11
Q

what chart is the gold standard in low vision

A

ETDRS (also used in research)

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12
Q

what are some advantages of an ETDRS chart

A

improves standardization and accuracy in measuring VA, same number of optotypes per row, equal spacing and uses log scale, variable test distance, equal optotype difficulty, and high contrast optotypes

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13
Q

what are some benefits of the Feinbloom chart

A

portable, test at any distance, high contrast numbers, large optotypes, can measure less than 20/800

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14
Q

what are 2 disadvantages of the Feinbloom chart

A

variable number of optotypes per page and variable spacing between optotypes

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15
Q

what is M notation used for

A

metric system for measuring VA in vision rehabilitation distance and near testing

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16
Q

what is the starting distance for ETDRS

A

2m (can move to 1m if needed) - easy conversion to 20 feet

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17
Q

what is the starting distance for Feinbloom

A

10 feet (move closer if needed 5, 4, 2, 1 feet)- multiple of 20 for easy conversion

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18
Q

which chart is useful for eccentric viewing testing

A

Feinbloom

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19
Q

when can you not use reduced snellen near VA

A

if test distance is different than 40cm

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20
Q

what is the equation to convert to snellen equivalent

A

VA= test distance / letter size and cross multiply and divide by acuity (2/16=20/x –> x=160)

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21
Q

how can you do the snellen conversion in your head

A

when testing at 2 meters- multiply both numerator and denominator by 10 (if 1 meter multiply by 20)

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22
Q

what is point notation

A

based on typography (computers)- measures the size of typeface or the height of the letter

23
Q

what is the conversion triangle for snellen - point - meters

A

Snellen –(Divide by 6)→ Point –(divide by 8)→ Meters –(multiply by 50)→ Snellen

24
Q

what is JND

A

just noticeable difference - minimum lens change that a patient can appreciate during a trial lens refraction

25
Q

what does JND equal

A

the denominator of equivalent snellen VA (move decimal place to 1/100 position) units are diopters

26
Q

what loose lens do you choose for a trial frame refraction

A

+/- JND/2

27
Q

You have the ETDRS chart at 1 meter and the patient reads the 8 M line. How do you record the visual acuity?

A

1M/8 (20/160)

28
Q

Kathy read all of the letters on the 15M line when you placed the chart at 2 meters away from her.
How do you properly record her visual acuity?

A

2M/15 (20/150)

29
Q

You use the Feinbloom chart at 10 feet and the patient reads the 150 foot line. How do you record the visual acuity?

A

10ft/150 (20/300)

30
Q

how do you record near VA in low vision

A

record exact test distance and actual letter size - measure near VA at patient’s preferred working distance (record in METERS)

31
Q

how would you record if a patient read 1.6M letter size at 20cm

A

0.20/1.6M

32
Q

Karen is wearing her glasses. The chart is held at 20 cm, The patient reads to 1.25 M with both eyes open. how would you record near VA

A

OU cc 0.20/1.25M (20/125)

33
Q

Stacey needs to read 6 point type bank statements while working at a financial institution. What is the M-Unit?

A

0.75M

34
Q

During the vision rehabilitation examination, Josh was able to read the 1.25M letter size on the Lighthouse near acuity chart. What is the equivalent point type that he’ll need to use on his computer in order to see it?

A

10 point

35
Q

OD 2M/16 (20/160)
OS 2M/25 (20/250)
What is the OD JND?

A

1.60D

36
Q

OD 2M/16 (20/160)
OS 2M/25 (20/250)
What are the loose lenses you will select to produce JND for OD?

A

1.00D

37
Q

OD 5ft/120 (20/480)
OS 5ft/240 (20/960)
What is the JND for OD?

A

4.80D

38
Q

how do you determine the distance magnification needed

A

denominator of actual VA/ denominator of goal VA

38
Q

what is distance magnification specified in terms as

A

angular magnification with unit “x”

38
Q

what is the purpose of predicting magnification

A

determine the starring power of optical devices

38
Q

what is the formula we will use for predicting near magnification

A

Equivalent viewing distance

38
Q

what is angular magnification

A

using an optical system to increase the angular subtense of the image compared to the angular subtense of the object itself

38
Q

OD 2M/25 (20/250) OS 2M/8 (20/80) and goal VA 2M/4 (20/40) for driving- what is distance magnification for OD and OS

A 
25/4 = 6.25x
8/4 = 2x
38
Q

what is the equivalent viewing distance (EVD) formula

A

(actual near VA denominator/goal near VA) x (accommodative demand or reference add power)

38
Q

OD 0.20M/2.5, OS 0.20M/3.2, reference add used +5 D
Goal VA for reading large print fiction books 1.6M
what is the near magnification needed

A

OD: 2.5M/1.6M x +5D = +7.8D
OS: 3.2M/1.6M x +5D = +10D

38
Q

if a patient need +12D near magnification, what is the working distance going to be?

A

8cm –> focal distance of 12D lens = 1/12

38
Q

what are 5 categories of optical devices

A

near, intermediate, distance, adaptive/assistive technologies and non-optical

39
Q

what are some examples of near optical devices

A

specs: high +, microscopic lenses, base-in prisms, doublet lenses, hand or stand magnifiers, and reading telescopes

40
Q

what are 2 examples of intermediate optical devices

A

loupes and telescopes

41
Q

what are some distance optical devices

A

monocular telescopes, spec mounted telescopes, and binocular telescopes

42
Q

what are some adaptive/assistive technologies for optical devices

A

desktop CCTV, computer software programs, OCR technology, GPS navigation systems

43
Q

what are some non-optical devices

A

absorptive filters (sunglasses), fitover sunglasses, typoscope, liquid level indicator, lamps, felt tip pens, talking watch/clock, dots

44
Q

what is the california central visual field test

A

several laser brightness intensities to allow for more sensitivity in plotting clinically significant scotomas

PPO2 (16 decks)

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