Functional Testing Flashcards

1
Q

what 4 things do you need to record with a tropia

A

direction, size, timing, and which eye

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2
Q

what 2 things do you need to record with a phoria

A

direction and size

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3
Q

how do you measure a misalignment

A

alternating cover test- fusion is broken at all times during the test

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4
Q

when do you stop measuring a misalignment

A

when the eye stops moving; prism = size of deviation

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5
Q

what does prism do

A

bends rays of light toward the base and shift the image to the apex

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6
Q

what are 3 additional tests used to strabismus

A

hirschberg, krimsky, and bruckner

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7
Q

what is a normal result for hirschberg

A

the light reflexes are centered in each pupil

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8
Q

what if the reflex is 1mm away from the center; how much misalignment is that

A

22 prism diopters

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9
Q

how is krimsky different from hirschberg

A

krimsky measures misalignment for light reflex with prism

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10
Q

what setting is the ophthalmoscope set at for Bruckners

A

+1.0m (green number in window)

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11
Q

how far away do you sit from patient during Bruckner’s

A

1m (focal length of +1 lens)

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12
Q

what 3 things are you looking for during Bruckner’s

A

difference in brightness, clarity, and pupil size

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13
Q

what would be abnormal in a Bruckner’s

A

a lighter pupil, dark figures or different size

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14
Q

why is the abnormal pupil lighter colored

A

the fixating eye aims its fovea at the light

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15
Q

what are 2 tests used only for phorias

A

maddox rod and modified thorington

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16
Q

which eye is the maddox rod placed over

17
Q

why do the eyes go to their phoria positions during the maddox rod test

A

the images (streak and light) are so radically different that fusion is broken or disrupted

18
Q

why is the OD the “deviating eye”

A

the light is a more natural source than the streak so the OS stays straight ahead

19
Q

do you perform the modified thorington technique at distance or near

A

only at near

20
Q

what is the most reliable test for phorias

A

the thorington test

21
Q

what size optotypes are on the thorington card

A

around 20/30 at 40cm

22
Q

where do you shine the light during thorington

A

through the center hole on the card

23
Q

which eye is the fixating eye during thorington

A

the OS (OD has maddox rod over it)

24
Q

which direction do the cylinders go if measuring a lateral phoria

A

horizontal

25
which direction do the cylinders go if you are measuring a vertical phoria
vertical
26
how much does the gap between optotypes equal in prism diopters
1 PD when placed at 40cm
27
why is the thorington test so reliable
the small optotype yields a high degree of stability in the accommodative response and it stabilizes accommodative- convergence
28
why is the Duane White classification scheme used
to identify and classify common anomalies of ocular misalignments
29
what are some typical complaints of a Duane White anomaly
asthenopia after less than 30 min of near work, words blur/jump/double when reading, eyes turn out, dislikes reading, poor school performance with 20/20 VA, covers one eye, tilts head, intermittent blur
30
what 2 conditions have similar complaints to a duane white anomaly that you should rule out first
hyperopia and dry eyes
31
what anomaly has ortho in the distance and a large Exo at near
convergence insufficiency (CI)
32
what anomaly has ortho in the distance and a large Eso at near
convergence excess (CE)
33
what anomaly has a large Exo at distance and ortho at near
divergence excess (DE)
34
what anomaly has Eso at distance and ortho at near
divergence insufficiency (DI)
35
what anomaly do you measure the amplitude at distance and then calculate deviation at near (15-age/4)
accommodative insufficiency (AI)
36
what 2 anomalies are the most common
convergence insufficiency and accommodative insufficiency
37
what anomaly is associated with intermittent XT (exotropia) at distance
divergence excess
38
what anomaly is ortho at distance and a small (1-6D) exophoria at near
no anomaly- "expected in normal patients"
39
what deviation is never expected
esophoria