Intro to Neuro-optometric Rehab and VT

Question 1

what is neuroplasticity

Answer 1

an ongoing reorganization of the functional cortical map. Changed scientific thinking from a definite “Critical Period” to neuroplastic learning at all ages= Hebbian learning

Question 2

what is the underlying trigger for the reorganization in neuroplasticity

Answer 2

synaptic plasticity

Question 3

what 3 things help influence synaptic plasticity (vision therapy)

Answer 3

specific experiences, repetition, and feedback = vision therapy

Question 4

what does the vision therapy experience help create

Answer 4

a synaptic learning experience that involves active participation

Question 5

what are examples of feedback

Answer 5

anti-suppression techniques, physiological diplopia, fixator etc.

Question 6

how does vision therapy have repetition

Answer 6

it has several procedures that reinforce the same concept (office and at home)

Question 7

what are 6 ways to create new synapses

Answer 7

active participation and experience, feedback/motivation, repetition, motor match to a sensory mismatch, multi-sensory stimuli, and problem solving tasks

Question 8

what is the definition of Skeffingtons 4 circles

Answer 8

vision is learned so vision is trained –> demonstrates overlapping and interweaving of “visual systems” (Emergent is vision)

Question 9

what are the 4 Skeffington circles

Answer 9

1. centering (where is it in space)
2. identification (what is it)
3. speech/auditory (communicating the visual information)
4. Anti-gravity/support (where am I in space/vestibular ocular reflex)

Question 10

what are some ways vision therapy uses treatment sequences

Answer 10

sequencing monocular and bi-ocular phases (start monocular -> bi-ocular), binocular phase with anti- suppression, length of treatment, and treatment plan for specific disorders

Question 11

what system is for peripheral or side vision

Answer 11

magno awareness (ambient system)

Question 12

what system is for central/detail orientation

Answer 12

parvo awareness

Question 13

which system, magno or parvo, is more susceptible to damage in brain injuries

Answer 13

magno

Question 14

what is the goal of vision therapy

Answer 14

to remediate an existing vision disorder and/or enhance visual function = AUTOMATICITY

Question 15

when is vision therapy performed

Answer 15

recommended when case analysis and evaluation indicate that lens application alone is insufficient to provide optimal visual function

Question 16

what is the concept of loading

Answer 16

adding elements to increase difficulty of task - metronome, balance board, lenses/prisms, decrease print size

Question 17

what are 3 optometric organizations in the vision therapy field

Answer 17

optometric extension program (OEP), college of optometrists in vision development (COVD) and neuro-optometric rehabilitation association (NORA)