Blood Pressure Flashcards
what is being measured with blood pressure
the arterial wall force
what are the 4 factors that determine blood pressure readings
the force of the blood pumped, amount of blood pumped, size of arteries, and flexibility of arteries
how much can the reading vary from right to left arm
as much as 5mmHg
what are 5 reasons to screen BP in clinic
compliance, reinforce importance of compliance, silent disease, may see effect in vision or retina, and drugs prescribed may increase BP
what is hypertensive retinopathy
a manifestation of the disease in the eye
what are 4 potential findings on the retina from BP
retinal arteries may narrow and constrict, hemorrhages and exudates, local hypoxia= cotton wool spots, and papilledema
what are 6 other conditions that BP can cause in the eye
sub-conjunctival hemorrhage, retinal vein occlusion, retinal artery occlusion, retinal artery macroaneurysms, oculomotor palsies, and exudative retinal detachments
what 2 diseases can hyper or hypotension cause
OAG (open angle glaucoma) and amaurosis fugax
what are 2 types of hypertension
essential hypertension and secondary hypertension
what is essential hypertension
no identifiable underlying cause
what is secondary hypertension
pre-eclampsia, pheochromocytoma, kidney disease, or adrenal disease
what does the JNC 7 consider normal BP
less than 120/80
what does the JNC 7 consider pre-hypertensive BP
120-139/80-90
what does the JNC 7 consider stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
what does the JNC 7 consider stage 2 hypertension
> 160/>99
