Low vision

Question 1

Low vision is defined as

Answer 1

uncorrectable “loss of visual function . . . resulting in a loss of functional ability and quality of life”

Question 2

The sclera is

Answer 2

the white outermost layer of the eye it protects and maintains its shape.

Question 3

The iris is a

Answer 3

colored structure that works like the lens of a camera, allowing images into the eye by controlling how much light passes through the pupil, and is covered by the cornea

Question 4

What is the cornea?

Answer 4

clear protective film over the eye that allows and focuses light into the iris.

Question 5

What sits behind the iris? What does it do?

Answer 5

the lens, helps focus the image on the retina

Question 6

What is the retina?

Answer 6

the innermost layer of the eye, which contains nerve cells that receive and transmit the image through the optic nerve to the brain.

Question 7

Current classification of low vision is based on deficits in

Answer 7

visual acuity (i.e., degree to which a person can see) and visual field (i.e., amount of space visible without moving the eyes)

Question 8

The following are the four most common eye diseases in older adults:

Answer 8

1. Macular degeneration: damage to the macula causing decreased central vision
2. Cataracts: increased opacity in the lens that causes blurring of vision
3. Glaucoma: pressure in the eyeball causing a loss of peripheral visual field and eventually blindness, if not controlled
4. Diabetic retinopathy: primary complication of diabetes that causes severe and progressive blurring due to leaking of blood vessels in the retina (Klein & Klein, 2013 Sternberg, 2013)

Question 9

Macular degeneration:

Answer 9

damage to the macula causing decreased central vision

Question 10

Cataracts:

Answer 10

increased opacity in the lens that causes blurring of vision

Question 11

Glaucoma:

Answer 11

pressure in the eyeball causing a loss of peripheral visual field and eventually blindness, if not controlled

Question 12

normal vision

Answer 12

20/12–20/25

Question 13

definition of low vision

Answer 13

Condition caused by eye disease, in which visual acuity is 20/70 or poorer in the better-seeing eye and cannot be corrected or improved with regular eyeglasses

Question 14

Legal blindness

Answer 14

20/200 or less in better eye
OR
a visual field of 20 degrees or less in better eye
OR
a visual field (total area a person can see without moving the eyes from side to side) of 20 degrees or less (tunnel vision) in the better-seeing eye.

Question 15

Blank spots or distortions in central vision

Answer 15

scotoma associated with macular degeneration

Question 16

Charles Bonet Syndrome -

Answer 16

seeing images of objects not there (flowers or stars) associated with macular degeneration.

Question 17

ways to manage macular degeneration

Answer 17

Lifestyle management
Environmental modifications
Magnification
Medication / vitamins
Laser surgery
Maintain good blood pressure

Question 18

what eye disease often has no signs but is preventable if a doctor looks yearly

Answer 18

glaucoma

Question 19

symptoms of macular degeneration

Answer 19

Decreased ability to perform “straight ahead” activities such as reading, sewing, and driving
Early symptoms include straight lines appearing wavy
Difficulty recognizing faces
Symptoms of Charles Bonet Syndrome -seeing images of objects not there (flowers or stars)
Detailed vision is reduced and up close or distance work is challenging
Blank spots or distortions in central vision /scotoma
Decreased ability to judge height, distance, and depth

Question 20

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 20

primary complication of diabetes that causes severe and progressive blurring due to leaking of blood vessels in the retina. Will lead to blindness

Question 21

C5:

Answer 21

Elbow flexors

Question 22

C6:

Answer 22

Wrist extensors

Question 23

C7:

Answer 23

Elbow extensors

Question 24

C8:

Answer 24

Finger flexors