Long term memory

Question 1

LTM process

Answer 1

-rehearsed info reaches the LTM and is retrieved to be remembered

Question 2

LTM encoding

Answer 2

• Explicit vs implicit
• Declarative vs procedural
• Semantic vs episodic

Question 3

Forgetting

Answer 3

• Retrieval failure

- Seven sins of memory

Question 4

Explicit memory

Answer 4

-Conscious knowledge: individual knows they have been exposed to a stimuli and actively attempt to recall it

Question 5

Implicit memory

Answer 5

-Unconscious knowledge: Individuals are unaware of the stimuli they have been exposed to

Question 6

Evidence for the dissociation between implicit and implicit

Answer 6

• Implicit learning: Free recall tasks produced low recall. Cued recall of words on prior list influence the way words are completed.
• Amnesia: Dr hid a pin in his hand when he shook the hand of an amnesiac patient. They were reluctant to shake his hand the next day although they didn’t know why

Question 7

Declarative memory

Answer 7

-Verbal and descriptive

Question 8

Procedural memory

Answer 8

-Skills and abilities are stored through motor codes rather than verbal codes (muscle memory)

Question 9

Types of skills

Answer 9

• Continuous or closed loop: each action cues the next action e.g. bike riding
• Discrete or open-loop skills: each action is a separate response to a separate stimulus

Question 10

Evidence for the dissociation between declarative and procedural

Answer 10

-HM and Clive Wearing had impaired declarative memory (forgotten general and personal information) but intact procedural memory (could recall and learn skills).

Question 11

Semantic memory

Answer 11

-Memory for general information, abstract, not temporally organised, truth is cultural not personal.

Question 12

Episodic memory

Answer 12

-Personal memories linked to specific time and place, events organised in order of occurrence, truth is personal.

Question 13

Evidence for the dissociation between semantic and episodic

Answer 13

• Neural dissociations: activity in different neural areas during recall tasks involving personal recollections (front of brain) and general recollections (back of brain).
• Amnesia: Dr S had a skiing accident which damaged his episodic memory, but his semantic memory was intact. lost 25 yrs of memories but could ski and diagnose himself.