Before exam

Question 1

Phonological store

Answer 1

-Articulatory loop: rehearsal 2-4 secs
-Phonological store: auditory perception (1-2 secs)
-support:
articulatory suppression effect: irrelevant speech interferes with recall
-word length effect: more syllables = longer rehearsal
Phonetic similarity: semantically similar info is easier to remember than phonetically similar

Question 2

Visuo-spatial sketchpad

Answer 2

• Visual cache: form and colour
• Inner scribe: spatial, position, orientation and movement
• Support: mental rotation and manipulation

Question 3

Central executive

Answer 3

• Multitasking

- Alzheimer patients can complete tasks using phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad

Question 4

Declarative vs procedural

Answer 4

• Declarative (explicit, conscious and verbal) semantic and episodic
• Non-declarative (unconscious) procedural
• Support: HM and CW have damaged declarative but procedural intact

Question 5

Episodic vs semantic

Answer 5

-Neural evidence:
general knowledge at the back, personal at the front
-Amnesia patient Dr S impaired episodic but semantic intact

Question 6

Visual cortical pathway

Answer 6

• Contra-lateral processing
• 10% superior colliculus (eye movements) - blind sight
• 90% lateral geniculate nucleus in thalamus (6 neural layers) magno (movement) parvo (colour and detail)

Question 7

Visual subcortical pathway

Answer 7

• LGN - sirate cortex, primary visual cortex (dmage = vision loss)
• Ventral path (form and colour for recognition) damage = prospagnosia
• dorsal path - extrastriata (size and position) damage = optic ataxia

Question 8

Visual transducion

Answer 8

• light energy is absorbed by the photosynthetic in rod and cone cells
• Causes charge to change across the membrane which releases neurotransmitters
• activates horizontal and bipolar cells then amacrine and ganglion cells
• Ganglion fibers become optic never fibres

Question 9

Rod and cone cells

Answer 9

• Rod cells are in the peripheral which are highly sensitive so have low visual acuity. only one photo pigment (B&W)
• Cone cells: fovea, less sensitive = high acuity works in brightness, three photo pigments = colour

Question 10

Opponent process

Answer 10

• acromatic (B&W) and chromatic (colour)
• Light triggers receptors (trichromatic) which triggers opponent cells (after images) which sens signals to the brain that produces colour

Question 11

Seperate area for colour perception

Answer 11

-Cerebral achromatopsia = loss of ability to see colour suggests there is a specialized area

Question 12

Misremembering

Answer 12

• interpreted incorrectly or semi-displaced
• meaningless info is misremembered more
• difficult tasks distract from simple ones

Question 13

Factors impacting EWT

Answer 13

-salience
stereotypes
schemas
sin of bias
sin of commission
misinformation effect
confirmation bias
context dependent
retroactive interference
leading questions

Question 14

Basic

Answer 14

-detailed
order
context
perspective

Question 15

Enhanced

Answer 15

• Rapport
• reduce anxiety
• Reinstate context
• Encourage spontaneous recall, detail and use of imagery
• open-ended and follow up questions
• No judgement or interruption

Question 16

False memory development

Answer 16

• plausible info
• Schema, suggestibility and experience
• Retroactive interference