Essay

Question 1

Introduction paragraph

Answer 1

• Fragile memory
• Unifying framework
• Omission: absent mindedness, blocking and transience
• Commission: misattribution, bias and suggestibility
• main focus

Question 2

sin of ommission

Answer 2

can’t recall when desired

absent mindedness, blocking and transience

Question 3

sin of absent mindedness

Answer 3

retrospective (past) and prospective (future)

- shallow processing

Question 4

Sin of blocking

Answer 4

-loss of access (tip of tongue) - stress / focus on info available

Question 5

Sin of transience

Answer 5

-decay (sportsmen) and retrieval failure (context)

Question 6

Sin of commission

Answer 6

• inaccurate recall

- misattribution, bias and suggestibility

Question 7

Sin of missatribution

Answer 7

• accurate facts, source or context is wrong
• Fantasy vs reality
• Me vs you
• Unintentional plagiarism
• EWT
• False fame effect
• Déjà vu (unexplained familiarity)

Question 8

Sins of bias

Answer 8

• prior knowledge, beliefs and feelings distorts recollection
• Consistency bias
• Change bias
• Hindsight bias - recall is filtered by current knowledge
• Egocentric bias - self-is central in recollections
• Stereotypical bias

Question 9

sin of suggestibility

Answer 9

-info provided by others impacts recall = false memory = serious implications

Question 10

EWT

Answer 10

• False testimony = serious implications

- Supported by loftus and palmer

Question 11

Advertising

Answer 11

• Memories = familiarity adverts use questions to remind people of their brand
• Schachter suggests vivid mental images can create fake memories which was supported by Hyman who successfully created false childhood memories in ppts by asking them about things that never happened
• Used to suggest favourable experiences with a brand, strong positive images = familiarity = more positive feelings = purchases
• Used to create successful advert

Question 12

Therapy

Answer 12

• False memories created through suggestion during memory
• Franklin falsely arrested
• Spanos suggested visualiston techniques can create false memories
• Mazzoni found that a 30min dream interpretation with the smallest suggestion can influence a clients memories suggesting that false memories can be implanted

Question 13

Conclusion

Answer 13

• useful but serious implications
• Therefore, more research and awareness is needed
• can help create interventions to prevent false EWT e.g. enhanced cognitive interview and regulations to prevent suggestion use in therapy
• finally, more useful implications may be discrovered