Long Term Memory^

Question 1

Availability VS Accessibility

Answer 1

arguably LTM has forgotten things
- never there in the first place
- still there but can’t be accessed cause of defence mechanism

Question 2

Coding

Answer 2

the way info is stored
Baddeley - 4 words to learn and test
- semantically disimilar

Question 3

Baddeley AO3

Answer 3

+ showed store’s differences
+ lead to more understanding
= memory model
- artificial stimuli
= no real meaning, so not life appliable

Question 4

Capasity

Answer 4

the amount of info stored
Miller
- observe pattern
- unlimited capacity

Question 5

Duration

Answer 5

how long memory lasts
unlimited
Bahrick
- graduates match names with faces

Question 6

Bahrick + AO3

Answer 6

graduates match names with faces
90% correct after 14 years
60% after 47 years
+ high external validity
+ better representation

Question 7

Procedural Memory

Answer 7

memory of how to do things
implicit - unconscious memory
learned through repetition and practice
unavailable for conscious inspection
- can’t verbally explain

Question 8

Episodic Memory

Answer 8

personal memory of event
contextual components
- details, context, emotions
explicit
- conscious thought
declarative
- can be explained verbally

Question 9

Semantic Memory

Answer 9

factual knowledge
- function of objects
- knowledge of subject
- who a person is/ relatives
starts as a episodic then becomes a semantic memory

Question 10

Real World Application

Answer 10

understanding the types helps psychologists to help with memory problems
age = memory loss
episodic - harder to recall recent than past memories
Belleville
- intervention to improve episodic in old
- trained participants did it better than controlled
difference between types of LTM allows specific treatment to be created

Question 11

Clinical Evidence

Answer 11

Patient HM and Clive Wearing
- impaired episodic memories created by brain damage after an operation
- procedural/ semantic memory unaffected
proves there are separate stores
Tulving’s claim is valid

Question 12

VS Counter Evidence

Answer 12

studies on brain damage patients lack control variables
HM & Clive Wearing
- research can’t control what happen before or during the injury
difficult to judge how worse their memories is after the injury
knowledge of types is limited due to not have been controlled

Question 13

Conflicting Neuroimaging Evidence

Answer 13

conflicting research on parts of brain for diff types
Buckner & Peterson
- left side of the prefontal context is used for semantic
Tulving et al
- right side used of PFC for semantic
challenges neurological tech to support types, no agrement of location
validity is questionable

Question 14

Same or Different

Answer 14

Tulving
- episodic is subcategory of semantic
Hodges & Patterson
- two seperate stores
shows there could be confusion over the stores as they were intended to be separate
explanation should be revises and defined