Cognitive Interview^

Question 1

Standard Interview

Answer 1

what they used use
brief, closed, direct questions not in chronological order
- didnt match witnesses events
police would interrup witnesses
- not allowing them to expand on their answers

Question 2

Cognitive Interview

Answer 2

Fisher & Geiselman
- EWT improve if police use better interviewing techniques
- based on psychological insight of memory
CI helps them retrieve more accurate memories

Question 3

Types of Techniques

Answer 3

Report Everything
Reinstate the Context
Reverse the Order
Change Perspective

Question 4

Report Everything

Answer 4

witnesses report everything, even irrelevant details
anything can trigger important memories

Question 5

Reinstate the Context

Answer 5

witnesses go back to original crime scene in their mind
make their memories accessible

Question 6

Reverse the Order

Answer 6

events recalled in different order than original
prevent people from reporting their expectations of what must happen
- prevent dishonesty, schema

Question 7

Change Perspective

Answer 7

witnesses recall even from someone else’s perspective
prevent the effect of expectations on memory

Question 8

The Enchanted Cognitive Interview

Answer 8

Fisher et al
- ECI added to focus on social dynamics of interactive
- eye contact, less anxiety/ distractions, speak slowly, open q’s

Question 9

Strengths

Answer 9

Real World Applications
- police questioning
detailed, qualitative answers

Question 10

Limitation

Answer 10

leading questions
interupting, confusing
time consuming
training issues
- dont do CI properly

Question 11

Geiselman Process

Answer 11

investigate effectiveness of CI
watched violent crime films
interviewed by police with diff techniques
- CI, SI, hypnosis
accurate facts and errors recalled

Question 12

Geiselman Findings

Answer 12

Ci - 42.2% accurately recalled
SI - 29.4%
hypnosis - 29.4%

Question 13

Are all elements valuable?

Answer 13

Milne & Bull
- each elements of CI was equally valuable
- each techniques produce more info than SI
combination of report everything and change the context give best recall
- saves time/money, increase credibility of CI

Question 14

Research Support for CI

Answer 14

Kohnken et al
- conducted a meta analysis, combined data from 50 studies
- ECI more correct info than standard interviews
- practical benefits of ECI: catch criminals

Question 15

Can ECI cause more inaccuracy?

Answer 15

Kohnken et al- ECI lead to more accurate info recalled
: 81% increase
- 61% increase in inaccurate info recalled

Question 16

Variations of CI

Answer 16

Police mix interview techniques
- difficult to compare effectiveness of one
- flexible at conducting interviews as the choose what methods suit them best