Anxiety^

Question 1

Johnson & Scott

Answer 1

weapon focus study
aims to test the effects of anxiety on EWT
Group 1 - low anxiety
- casual conversation with a man with greasy hand and a pen
Group 2 - high
- heated convo, man holding a knife with bloody hands
Findings
- 49% of G1 selevted the correct man from 50
- 33% of G2 selected correctly
Conclusion
- enchanted memory for central details
- dont remember man as it’s peripheral detail

Question 2

Weapon Focus Effects

Answer 2

focus on danger (central) and ignores other (peripheral)

Question 3

Lots of Lab Study AO3

Answer 3

+ no demand characteristics
: didnt know they began
+ replicable = reliable
+ high validity from controlled settings
+ standardised
- low ecological validity/ mundane realism
- only student sample
quantitative data
- not good source of emotions (humans are complex)
+ can be analysed

Question 4

Independent Groups

Answer 4

+no order effect as they do both conditions
+ limit demand ch. as unaware they were tested
- time consuming (lots of participants)
- individual differences
= unreliable VS can be overcome by random allocation

Question 5

Real World Applications

Answer 5

impact the criminal justice system
when witnessing a crime people fell anxiety
- affects accuracy of memory

Question 6

Proves the WFE

Answer 6

supports it as high anxiety fixated on the weapon not the man
- central vision not peripheral

Question 7

Yuille & Cutshall Process

Answer 7

13 participants interviewed after real shooting (5 months)
compare to real police report
ranked stress levels, asked if they experienced emotional problems

Question 8

Yuille & Cutshall Findings + Conclusion

Answer 8

accurate after 5 months
less accurate on colours, height, weight
more stress = more accurate at 88%
less stress = 75%
= more anxiety more accurate the recall
anxiety don’t have a bad effect

Question 9

Whats the anxiety graph called?

Answer 9

Yerkes Dodson Law
The Inverted-U-Theory

Question 10

Yuille & Cutshall

Answer 10

+ high ecological validity
- ethical issues : psychological harm
- small sample size; cant be generalised
- ethnocentric/ cultural bias

Question 11

Unusualness, not anxiety

Answer 11

WFE dont test anxiety
- focus on weapon as its surprising
Pickel
- scissors, handgun, wallet, raw chicken
- accuracy poorer in unusual conditions than high anxiety
- WFE due to unusualness not anxiety

Question 12

Support for Neg Effect

Answer 12

Valentine & Mesout
- anxiety has a bad effect on EWT
- use heart rate to measure anxiety (objective)
- high anxiety distrupted central detail recall

Question 13

Support for Positive Effect

Answer 13

Christianson & Hubinette- interview witnesses to a bank robbery- 75% accuracy
: better with those directly involved
- shows anxiety can enchance accuracy of EWT

Question 14

Problems with Inverted-U-Theory

Answer 14

ignores features of anxiety
Yerkes Dodson Law
- only focus on physicall features, not other characteristics
- way we think about events (cognitive)