Long Term Memory

Question 0

Schacter and tulving

Answer 0

5 long term memory systems and 11 subsystems

Question 1

What did tulving suggest

Answer 1

Said about the long term memory having multipul section 5 main section and 11 sub sections two of the main sections were episodic memory and semantic memory much debate over this

Question 2

Anderson and Ross 1980

Answer 2

Looked to see if the episodic and semantic memory are independent
Does the episodic mem effect semantic memory
Used sentence verification task, ps say if a sentence is true or false = test for semantic memory, but what if the person just does not know
5 conditions one of them was control the other four were given categories before to learn, results showed time taken to verify a sentence to make a semantic judgement WAS affected by the episodic info given
SUGGESTING episodic affected retrieval from the semantic mem
SO if it flows so well can it b separate .

Question 3

Mckoon 1986

Answer 3

Crit Anderson and Ross theory
Says it lacks theoretical development
Doesn’t explain different variables
The operation of both systems
Anderson fan effect is a good example said recognition times increase as more info about a concept is acquired episodic memory test
But this was not found in the semantic suggestion of a distinction
HOWEVER doesn’t say it occurs in one rather then the other it doesn’t give the opposite result a contradiction here

Question 4

Johnson and charlfonte 1994

Answer 4

Lack of agreement, they say that the episodic and semantic memory are two sub systems rather then two actual systems, due to this lack of agreement the theory feels less genuine

Question 5

Milner 1966

Answer 5

Research in neuroimaging to look at brain regions
Amnesiac patients
Show support for the distinction between episodic and semantic memory
Case of HM had brain surgery due to epilepsy, aim to remove affected areas, did do this but it caused other problems, 2/3 of hippocampus removed, caused him to have amnesia, had memory for events short time before the op, cannot make new memories.
Tule ing suggests amnesiac syndrome is due to memory deficit in episodic memory.

Question 6

Gabrieli et al

Answer 6

Used research on HM and stated that HM carried on using verbal expressions from the 1959s difficult to explain new words and poor at matching such words to their definition as the semantic memory is required here
SO if the semantic memory issues this evidence is not relevant as it does not support a distinction
SO maybe look at procedural and declarative memory systems for a better solution

Question 7

What are procedural and declarative memory

Answer 7

Declarative (knowing that) response to semantic and episodic memory tasks provide declarative memory
Procedural (knowing how) like knowing how to ride a bike experiance influences and guides performance
Cohen and squire

Question 8

Research in amnesiac patients

Answer 8

Declerative and procedural memory
Studies show patients can do things like jigsaws but have no recollection of the learning occurring more research needed in this area maybe a break down of more sub systems

Question 9

Jacob framework

Answer 9

Gives an insight into mechanisms underlying memory effects
Say its hard to investigate one specific area if memory as they are likely to be contaminated by other memory processes.
Participants may convert an implicit test to an explicit test
Investigated this by suggesting implicit was automatic and explicit was conscious
Ps were presented with words full attention and distracted
Results showed that implicit process was unaffected by changes in attention however explicit was affected
Suggesting implicit and explicit recollection are independant but this is debated

Question 10

What did tulving do

Answer 10

Remember know judgements
Remember- you have a conscious recollection of the item occurring in the experiment
Knowing - you simply know the item appeared but you have no conscious recollection of its occurrence.
Crit- remember/know judgements r subjective, they could also guess