Eye Witness

Question 0

System variable

Answer 0

Wells
Variable you can control
Line ups, the way the information is taken from the witness

Question 1

Wells

Answer 1

1978
Lines ups
Accuracy depends on certain variables
System/estimator

Question 2

Estimator variable

Answer 2

Wells
Line ups
Variables you cannot control eg stress, distance from event witnessed

Question 3

Wells and Olson

Answer 3

2001
Sub categories
Line ups
General impairment
Suspect bias

Question 4

General impairment

Answer 4

Wells and Olson
Own race bias Meissner and Brigham
Age bias anastasi Rhodes

Question 5

Suspect bias

Answer 5

Wells Olson
2001
The construction of the line up
How the line up is chosen

Question 6

PACE

Answer 6

Police and criminal evidence act this is the guide lines and regulations

Question 7

Simultaneous line up

Answer 7

Where all the suspects stands in a line and are all seen together

Question 8

Sequential line up

Answer 8

Suspects are shown to the witness one at a time

Question 9

What is the Yerkes-Dodson

Answer 9

Emotional stress

Emotional arousal= negative memory performance

Question 10

Christianson

Answer 10

Disagrees saying the evidence for the Yerkes-Dodson law is inadequate

Question 11

Deffenbacher 1994

Answer 11

Emotion and stress in recall
Added more cognitive to the theory said there is a 3 dimensional model
When cog anxiety is high we get a physiological stress response and we reach a point where we decrease in memory

Question 12

Morgan 2004

Answer 12

Did the army study in stress affecting memory did interviews an interigater

Results showed there was equal results in both high and low stress levels

Question 13

Valentine and mesout 2009

Answer 13

Used London dungeon in stress on memory for ecological validity

Results showed that participants did increase arousal- heart rates did increase participants who had greatest arousal recalled fewer correct details.

Question 14

Fisher and geiselman 1992

Answer 14

Looked at interview techniques
A cognitive interview free recall
Go back
See, hear, smell, touch
Help to ensure accurate information is recalled

Question 15

Gabbert et al 2004

Answer 15

Looked at the social context of eye witness
Looked at memory conformity
Found that misinformation has more effect with it is face to face and also did the I saw it for longer then you study.

Question 16

Paterson

Answer 16

Used misinformation

Found that even when participants were warned about the effects of misinformation, misinformation effect still occurred.

Question 17

Echterhoff et al 2005

Answer 17

Found that if the credibility was weaker then the effects of misinformation was weaker.

Question 18

Memon et al

Answer 18

Found that cog interview was effective but police officers do not fully use the different components

Question 19

Tulving 1983

Answer 19

Encoding specificity principle - better retrieving if cues available at recall - travel back to get cues cog research suggests its good and evidence shows this is a good method to use with children.

Question 20

Kneller et al

Answer 20

Found that in line ups ppl expect the perp to be there

Question 21

Bottom et al 2002

Answer 21

Social factors in eye witness
Older children more influenced by social context then young
Reports may b more accurate but may fall at emotional and social demands family cases

Eg don’t tell them I let you do that

Question 22

Goodman

Answer 22

Argues that age affects the influence of suggestibility on children

Question 23

Gordon et al 2001

Answer 23

Children eye witness
Stereotyping effects
Bad person

Question 24

Smith 1991

Answer 24

Categories features and prototype
Evidence with mock juries ppl made decisions on prototype info
Evidence showed per existing knowledge is favoured which is not good they fill in the blanks

Question 25

Pennington and hastie 1986

Answer 25

Did the story model on the processes a jury goes through
1 active interpretive evaluate the evidence
2 generate theories
3 matching process the best story link to evidence.